Drosophila melanogaster is a useful and highly tractable model organism for understanding the molecular mechanisms of human diseases. We previously characterized a new dUbqn knockdown model that induces learning-memory and locomotive deficits mediated by impaired proteostasis. Although proteinopathies are the main causes of neurodegenerative diseases, limited information is currently available on the relationship between proteostasis and neurodegenerative-related behavioral perturbations, such as locomotion, wakefulness, and sexual activities. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which dUbqn depletion which is known to cause proteinopathies, affects neurodegenerative-related behavioral perturbations. pan-neuronal dUbqn-depleted flies showed significantly reduced evening activity along with altered pre-and postsynaptic structural NMJ's proteins by attenuating signals of Bruchpilot puncta and GluRIIA clustering. In addition, the neurochemical profiles of GABA, glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin were disturbed and these changes also affected courtship behaviors in dUbqn-depleted flies. Collectively, these results extend our understanding on how dUbqn depletion affects neurochemical regulation to drive behavioral disturbances that are generally found in the early stage of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the present study may contribute a novel finding to the design of new agents that prevent disease progression or even treat diseases related to neurodegeneration. An effective regulation of proteostasis is a fundamental requirement for cells, particularly neurons, which are highly susceptible to proteotoxicity. Disruptions in protein turnover by stressors, gene mutations, or even a normal aging process have been shown to accelerate the development of proteinopathy-related disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) 1-3. Neuronal-related symptoms, including motor, cognitive, and behavioral alterations, manifest in the early stages of neurodegenerative progression 4,5. However, the mechanisms underlying these early symptoms have not yet been elucidated in detail. Ubiquilins (UBQLNs), an important group of the proteins involved in proteostasis, has been extensively studied in a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders. They are characterized as Ubiquitin-like (UbL)-Ubiquitin-associated (UbA) proteins that recognize and bind to ubiquitylated substrates in order to target them for degradation via proteasomes, endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD), and macroautophagy 6-9. The five human UBQLNs homologues such as UBQLN1, UBQLN2, UBQLN3, UBQLN4 and UBQLNL have been established so far. However, only mutations in UBQLN2 and UBQLN4 strongly associate to ALS or ALS/FTD. Besides, UBQLNs also exhibit several distinctive activities, such as an actin and intermediate filament association, cell survival regulation by coordinating with protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI), and their emer...