Novel drug delivery systems for ocular therapy: With special reference to liposomal ocular delivery

Abstract

Delivery of drugs to eyes is a great challenge to researchers because of a number of barriers in the eye preventing the actual dose from reaching the site. A number of ophthalmic delivery systems have been developed in the past couple of years that are not only new but also safe and reliable and help to overcome all those barriers in the eye which are responsible for the very less bioavailability of drugs. In this review, we tried to focus on current research in ocular delivery of drug substances giving special emphasis to liposomal delivery system. A brief analysis of other novel ocular delivery systems, ocular physiology, and microbial sources of disease are also highlighted herein. We analyzed the various research findings for churning a general idea for novel ocular delivery system and its future use. The novel formulations may overcome the addressed problems of ophthalmic medication and comply with the quality assurance issues. The liposomal delivery is advantageous as they have the ability to entrap both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and are suitable for delivery to both the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. Therefore, the use of this alternative approach is quite a necessity.

Nano-Based Drug Delivery System: Recent Strategies for the Treatment of Ocular Disease and Future Perspective

“…The composition of liposome includes phospholipids, lipid conjugated polymers, and cholesterol. The classification of liposome is mainly based upon the presence of a number of phospholipid layers and size which includes small unilamellar vesicles of size ranging between 10 and 100 nm, large unilamellar vesicles ranging between 100 and 300 nm, and multilamellar vesicles comprising more than a single phospholipid bilayer [ 13 ]. The uniqueness in the structure of liposome helps them to deliver hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs at the site of action.…”

Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis: Incidence, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors and Novel Strategies for Treatment

“…Drug delivery to the anterior eye is challenging, especially since the cornea is avascular [62]. Other factors such as tear dilution can also prevent optimal concentrations from reaching the targeted area [63], and systemic side effects can result due to drainage of the drug into the lacrimal system [64]. Initial management of bacterial keratitis usually requires hourly drop instillation of antibiotics, which can be challenging to follow and a burden to patients [50].…”

Therapies Based on Nanoparticles for Eye Drug Delivery

“…Their application lies in their ability to perform controlled and targeted drug delivery. Drugs conjugated with dendrimers increased there stability, half-life, and bioavailability without altering their properties [ 22 , 24 , 25 ] Cyclodextrins Family of cyclic oligosaccharides, composed of six to eight glucose units which improve pharmacokinetic properties of drugs through the formation of an inclusion complex. Cyclodextrins function as permeation enhancers by adhering around the eye surface and sustaining the drug release [ 11 , 26 ] siRNA small interfering RNA, shRNA short hairpin RNA …”