Novel dry electrodes for ECG monitoring

Gruetzmann, Anna; Hansen, Stefan; Müller, Jörg

doi:10.1088/0967-3334/28/11/005

Cited by 222 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several identification algorithms were also considered by the group: an asymptotic method requiring only five points extracted from the frequency response and curve fitting based on least squares error minimisation algorithms. Impedance spectroscopy is generally the method applied to characterise the skin-electrode interface in the frequency range 0.05 Hz to 1 MHz (Burke & Gleeson, 2000;Chang et al, 2010;Gruetzmann et al, 2007;Ko et al, 1970;Mühlsteff & Such, 2004;Valverde et al, 2004;Zepeda-Carapia et al, 2005). The measured impedance is then fitted to an equivalent electrical model to identify the resistive and capacitive elements of the interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Frequency Response and the Skin-Electrode Interface in Dry-Electrode Electrocardiography

Assambo¹,

Burke²

2012

Advances in Electrocardiograms - Methods and Analysis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Frequency Response and the Skin-Electrode Interface in Dry-Electrode Electrocardiography

Assambo¹,

Burke²

2012

Advances in Electrocardiograms - Methods and Analysis

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“…Softer materials have the advantage of conforming easily against the skin, increasing comfort and contact area. Gruetzmann et al demonstrated a foam electrode [22], which exhibited excellent stability with increased resistance to motion artifact versus the wet and rigid dry Ag/AgCl electrode.…”

Section: A Dry Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry-Contact and Noncontact Biopotential Electrodes: Methodological Review

Jung

Cauwenberghs

2010

IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng.

897

596

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Abstract-Recent demand and interest in wireless, mobile-based healthcare has driven significant interest towards developing alternative biopotential electrodes for patient physiological monitoring. The conventional wet adhesive Ag/AgCl electrodes used almost universally in clinical applications today provide an excellent signal but are cumbersome and irritating for mobile use. While electrodes that operate without gels, adhesives and even skin contact have been known for many decades, they have yet to achieve any acceptance for medical use. In addition, detailed knowledge and comparisons between different electrodes are not well known in the literature. In this paper, we explore the use of dry/noncontact electrodes for clinical use by first explaining the electrical models for dry, insulated and noncontact electrodes and show the performance limits, along with measured data. The theory and data show that the common practice of minimizing electrode resistance may not always be necessary and actually lead to increased noise depending on coupling capacitance. Theoretical analysis is followed by an extensive review of the latest dry electrode developments in the literature. The paper concludes with highlighting some of the novel systems that dry electrode technology has enabled for cardiac and neural monitoring followed by a discussion of the current challenges and a roadmap going forward.

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“…Stiff electrodes have the tendency to slip over the skin during slight movement causing electrode contact loss and some charging effects between electrodes and the skin. Flexible electrodes are soft and capable of lying flat on the body surface; hence have relatively higher contact area than stiff electrodes [3]. Both wet and dry ECG technologies experience huge distortion of the electrophysiological signals during high physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Noncontact ECG Electrode by MEMS Fabrication Process

Mathias¹,

Park²,

Eungbo³

et al. 2016

Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials

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Contact electrodes pose threats like inflammation, metal poisoning, and allergic reaction to the user during long term ECG procedure. Therefore, we present a novel noncontact electrocardiographic electrode designed through microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process. The proposed ECG electrode consists of small inner and large outer circular copper plates separated by thin insulator. The inner plate enables capacitive transduction of bio-potential variations on a subject's chest into a voltage that can be processed by a signal processing board, whereas the outer plate shields the inner plate from environmental electromagnetic noise. The electrode lead wires are also coaxially designed to prevent cables from coupling to ground or electronic devices. A prototype ECG electrode has an area of about 2.324 cm 2 , is very flexible and does not require power to operate. The prototype ECG electrode could measure ECG at about 500 um distance from the subject's chest.

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Novel dry electrodes for ECG monitoring

Cited by 222 publications

References 9 publications

Low-Frequency Response and the Skin-Electrode Interface in Dry-Electrode Electrocardiography

Low-Frequency Response and the Skin-Electrode Interface in Dry-Electrode Electrocardiography

Dry-Contact and Noncontact Biopotential Electrodes: Methodological Review

Development of a Novel Noncontact ECG Electrode by MEMS Fabrication Process

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