Novel Dry Polymer Foam Electrodes for Long-Term EEG Measurement

Lin, Chin-Teng; Liao, Lun-De; Liu, Yu‐Hang; Wang, I-Jan; Lin, Bor-Shyh; Chang, Jyh‐Yeong

doi:10.1109/tbme.2010.2102353

Cited by 275 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The impedance at 10 Hz up to 8 h is shown in Figure 7. A pair of the semi-dry electrode/scalp impedance increased by approximately 20 kΩ for the two subjects in 8 h. In previous reports, the impedance of wet electrodes increased from 5 kΩ to 15 kΩ within 5 h after gel application due to gradual drying over time [39]. The impedance variation with time of semi-dry electrodes was similar to that of wet electrodes, which may be attributed to the release rate of saline slowing down gradually and the continuous evaporation of the saline.…”

Section: Long-term Stability Of Semi-dry Electrodes In Vivomentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Last but not least, the semi-dry electrode/scalp impedance tests in this study were immediately performed on unprepared scalps after setup (n=10), unlike other impedance results which were reported based on one or two subjects on the bare skin (such as forearm and forehead) or prepared hairy scalp [33,[37][38][39][40]. Therefore, the results here are expected to represent the impedance of the semidry electrodes in practical situations.…”

Section: Semi-dry Electrode/scalp Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel passive ceramic based semi-dry electrodes for recording electroencephalography signals from the hairy scalp

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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This study reports on a novel passive ceramic-based semi-dry electrode prototype for electroencephalography (EEG) applications. With the help of capillary forces of the porous ceramics pillars, the semi-dry electrodes build a stable electrode/scalp interface by penetrating hair and releasing a small amount saline in a controlled and sustained manner. The semi-dry electrode/scalp impedances were low and stable (44.4 ± 16.9 kΩ, n=10), and the variation between nine different positions was less 5 kΩ. The semi-dry electrodes have shown non-polarization characteristics and the maximum difference of equilibrium potential between eight electrodes was 579 μV. The semi-dry electrodes demonstrated long-term stability, and the impedance only increased by 20 kΩ within 8 h. EEG signals were simultaneously recorded using a 9-channel gel-based electrode and semi-dry electrode arrays setup on ten subjects. The average temporal cross-correlation between them in the eyes open/closed and the steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) paradigm were 0.938 ± 0.037 and 0.937 ± 0.027 respectively. Spectral analyses revealed similar response patterns with expected functional responses. Together with the advantages of quick setup, self-application and cleanliness, the result suggests the semi-dry electrode is suitable for emerging real-world EEG applications, such as braincomputer interfaces and wearable EEGs.

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Section: Long-term Stability Of Semi-dry Electrodes In Vivomentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Semi-dry Electrode/scalp Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel passive ceramic based semi-dry electrodes for recording electroencephalography signals from the hairy scalp

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2016

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…Once an acceptable electrode impedance has been achieved, a countdown begins until the gel dries, thus causing the transductive properties to disappear. For instance in [5], the impedance of wet electrodes deteriorated from 5 to 15 KΩ within 5 hours after gel application. For these reasons, wet electrodes are not suitable for long-term measures [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry EEG Electrodes

López-Gordo

Morillo

Valle

2014

Sensors

333

244

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Electroencephalography (EEG) emerged in the second decade of the 20th century as a technique for recording the neurophysiological response. Since then, there has been little variation in the physical principles that sustain the signal acquisition probes, otherwise called electrodes. Currently, new advances in technology have brought new unexpected fields of applications apart from the clinical, for which new aspects such as usability and gel-free operation are first order priorities. Thanks to new advances in materials and integrated electronic systems technologies, a new generation of dry electrodes has been developed to fulfill the need. In this manuscript, we review current approaches to develop dry EEG electrodes for clinical and other applications, including information about measurement methods and evaluation reports. We conclude that, although a broad and non-homogeneous diversity of approaches has been evaluated without a consensus in procedures and methodology, their performances are not far from those obtained with wet electrodes, which are considered the gold standard, thus enabling the former to be a useful tool in a variety of novel applications.

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“…In recent years, different types of dry electrodes, such as polymer foam electrode, solid-gel electrode, textile electrode, pin-shaped metallic electrode have been developed. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] To evaluate the performance of these electrodes, comparing the spontaneous EEG signals (e.g., the alpha wave) or the evoked potential acquired by the dry electrodes and conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes qualitatively or quantitatively is a common approach. [2][3][4][11][12][13] However, the signal quality is not only affected by the electrode itself, but also the acquisition components of the EEG system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance analysis of ZnO nanowire coated dry EEG electrodes

Jia

et al. 2017

JBEI

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The electrochemical impedance of a novel dry electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode after surface modification (i.e., sputtered with gold, coated with ZnO nanowires) is investigated in this study. To avoid the discomfort caused by repetitive testing on human, a skin-mimic sandwich structure, comprised of a highly porous polyester fabric membrane and two thin silicone films, is fabricated as a test bed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are conducted to further understand the properties of the electrode-electrolyte interface when the electrode is installed on this test bed. An equivalent circuit model with a constant phase element (CPE) is used to fit the EIS data. Our results show that the modeled EIS data are in good agreement with the experimental data. It has also been found that the charge transfer resistance decreases from 349 Ω cm 2 for the bare electrode to 256 Ω cm 2 for the gold-coated electrode and further decreases to 167 Ω cm 2 for the gold coated short ZnO nanowire electrode.The lower impedance value will definitely help improve the signal when such electrode is used to record electrophysiological data.

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Novel Dry Polymer Foam Electrodes for Long-Term EEG Measurement

Cited by 275 publications

References 25 publications

Novel passive ceramic based semi-dry electrodes for recording electroencephalography signals from the hairy scalp

Novel passive ceramic based semi-dry electrodes for recording electroencephalography signals from the hairy scalp

Dry EEG Electrodes

Impedance analysis of ZnO nanowire coated dry EEG electrodes

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