Novel electrolytes based on mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide task specific zwitterionic ionic liquid and lithium salts: Synthesis and conductivity studies

An intrinsic electrical conductivity study of perovskite powders MAPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl) to investigate its effect on their photovoltaic performance

“…Mobility and diffusion coefficient are vital parameters for characterizing a material when subjected to an electric field. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] In cases where a simple Debye relaxation effectively describes the dielectric behavior of the loss tangent (tan d) of a sample, a distinct peak is observed. This is notably evident in the Nyquist plot, where a semicircle emerges, and the point of intersection between the real and imaginary parts of impedance, where the imaginary part is zero, determines the sample's resistance.…”

“…The accurate expression should be:A rigorous deduction of eqn (11) is given in ref. 24 and 70. This has been described recently in the ESI† of ref.…”

“…This has been described recently in the ESI† of ref. 24. Notice that the Debye length can be determined using eqn (11) because in our perovskites the relaxation time for redistribution of ions is large satisfying the condition that .…”

“…In previous studies of our group, broadband dielectric spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the relationship between diffusivity, charge carrier density, and Debye length in relation to the structural dynamics of SILLPs. [22][23][24] Following a similar procedure, in this investigation, the influence of electrode polarization (EP) has been taken into account using a single Debye relaxation model, as demonstrated in the analysis conducted by Trukhan, 25 Sorensen et al, 26 and MacDonald. [27][28][29] Following the same line of research as other researchers, [30][31][32][33][34] in this work, by incorporating the EP approach and fitting the peaks corresponding to the maximum of tan d, we were able to determine the diffusivity, the mobility and charge carrier density of the various doping agents within the perovskite structure.…”