Novel Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibers Loaded Different Medicaments as Drug Delivery Systems for Regenerative Endodontics

Abstract

Background: A combination of antibiotics, including metronidazole (MET), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and minocycline (MINO), has been demonstrated to disinfect bacteria in necrotic teeth before regenerative processes. It has been presented clinically that antibiotic pastes may drive to possible stem cell death, difficulties in removing from the canal system, which can limit the regenerative procedure. This study was designed to (1) synthesize nanofibrous webs containing various concentrations of different medicaments (triple, double, and calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2), (2) coat this electrospun fibrous gutta-percha (GP) cones. Methods: Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-based electrospun fibrous webs were processed with low medicaments’ concentrations. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out to investigate fiber morphology, antibiotic incorporation, and characterized GP-coated fibrous webs, respectively. The chemical and physical properties of dentine were carried out via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nano-SEM, respectively. The antimicrobial properties of the different fibrous webs were assessed against various bacteria by direct nanofiber/bacteria contact. Cytocompatibility was measured by applying the MTT method. Results: The mean fiber diameter of the experiment groups of medicament-containing fibers ranged in the nm scale and was significantly smaller than PVP fibers. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of medicaments in the nanofibers. XPS analysis presented a complete coating of the fibers with GPs; FTIR and Nano-SEM showed no chemical and physical configuration of intracanal medicaments on the dentine surface. Meanwhile, nanofibrous webs led to a significant reduction in the percentage of viable bacteria compared with the negative control and PVP. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TA-NFs, DA-NFs, and Ca(OH)2)-NFs coated GP cones have significant potential in eliminating intracanal bacteria, cell-friendly behavior, and clinical usage features.

Electrospun Zein/Polyoxyethylene Core-Sheath Ultrathin Fibers and Their Antibacterial Food Packaging Applications

“…Electrospinning technology has developed into multi-fluid electrospinning technology that is applied in many fields, such as drug delivery [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] that is coaxial [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], modified coaxial [ 28 , 29 ], parallel [ 30 , 31 ], triaxial [ 32 , 33 ] and so on. The drug release rate can be controlled by adjusting the structure of nanofibers through multi-fluid electrospinning, which possesses certain advantages in the preparation process [ 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Electrospun nanofibers applications in caries lesions: prevention, treatment and regeneration

“…The Bottino research group has conducted extensive and in-depth experiments in this field. They have explored the incorporation of various antibiotics or natural antimicrobial agents into electrospun scaffolds, including metronidazole, 103 ciprofloxacin, 103 azithromycin, 104 aloe vera extract, 105 curcumin, 106 linalool, and citronellal. 107 The evaluation of their intracanal applications has been carried out through root canal antimicrobial models, DPCs' compatibility studies, and in vivo implantation experiments in animals.…”

A Review on Electrospun Poly(amino acid) Nanofibers and Their Applications of Hemostasis and Wound Healing

“…It can be seen from the above that electrospinning nanofibers are a good choice with structural and performance advantages [ 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 ]. Electrospinning of poly(amino acids) with high biocompatibility and loading of drugs or active substances with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and hemostatic functions can obtain electrospun nanofibers with good medical effects and sustained drug release therapeutic effects [ 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 ].…”