Novel environment influences the effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation upon brain and peripheral cytokine gene expression

Abstract

Sleep loss increases inflammatory mediators in brain and peripheral tissues, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. Male C57BL/6j mice were exposed to paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) for 24 h using the modified multiple platform (MMP) technique (platforms over water) or two different controls: home cage or a dry platform cage, which constituted a novel environment. PSD mice exhibited increased IL-1β and TNF-α pro-inflammatory gene expression in brain (hypothalamus, hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex), as well as in peripheral tissues (liver, spleen), when compared with home-cage controls. In addition, among PSD mice, TGFβ1, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was increased in pre-frontal cortex, liver, and spleen in conjunction with elevated serum corticosterone concentration relative to home-cage controls. However, these differences were nearly abolished when PSD mice were compared with control mice subjected to a dry MMP cage, suggesting that simply exposing mice to a novel environment can induce an acute inflammatory response.

Lithium ameliorates sleep deprivation‐induced mania‐like behavior, hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis alterations, oxidative stress and elevations of cytokine concentrations in the brain and serum of mice

“…In agreement with the present findings, a recent study demonstrated an elevated corticosterone concentration in the serum of PSD rats when compared to controls . In addition, and corroborating the findings of the present study, several studies have demonstrated that the levels of corticosterone are increased after PSD . Suchecki and colleagues showed that PSD induced using different methods increased ACTH and corticosterone secretion.…”

Neuroendocrine-immune circuits, phenotypes, and interactions

“…Although pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNF, are typically associated with development of an inflammatory response (Ashley et al, 2012; Medzhitov, 2008), there is increasing evidence that these cytokines play a role in mediating physiological and behavioral processes in healthy animals. For example, cytokine secretion is tied to biological rhythms and the sleep/wake cycle (Opp, 2005), and experimental sleep loss leads to the induction of a pro-inflammatory response in brain and peripheral tissues (Ashley et al, 2016; Dumaine and Ashley, 2015; Faraut et al, 2012). Whether such an inflammatory response is adaptive (at the least in the short term) remains to be seen.…”

Time-of-Day Dictates Transcriptional Inflammatory Responses to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

“…We have previously reported marked sleep fragmentation after administration of the same chemo regimen used in the present study10. As sleep disruption elicits an inflammatory response2627, this may have contributed to the enhanced splenic inflammation observed in animals injected at ZT 2. Additionally, glucocorticoid concentrations peak during the early active phase in nocturnal rodents28, and they are negative regulators of inflammation, acting through multiple mechanisms2930.…”