Novel extraction of tar sands by sonication with the aid of in-situ surfactants

Sadeghi, Kazem M.; Sadeghi, Mohammad Ali; Yen, Teh Fu

doi:10.1021/ef00023a034

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The research efforts presented by different investigators pertaining to the petroleum residue upgradation via ultrasound can be restated as given below. Sadeghi et al (1990) have investigated the recovery of bitumen from tar sands from Athabasca, Alberta, Canada, via acoustic cavitation with the aid of ultrasonic bath (UB) in conjunction with aqueous alkaline solution of sodium silicate. A good account of the improved properties of the recovered bitumen has been reported by the authors.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of ultrasound in petroleum residue upgradation

et al. 2009

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Conventional processes for the upgradation of residual feedstocks, viz., thermal cracking and catalytic cracking are carried out in the temperature range of 400-520 • C. Such high temperatures can in principle be substituted by acoustic cavitation. In the present work, two vacuum residues, namely, Arabian mix vacuum residue (AMVR) and Bombay high vacuum residue (BHVR) and one asphalt, viz., Haldia asphalt (HA) were subjected to acoustic cavitation for different reaction times from 15 min to 120 min at ambient temperature and pressure. An attempt has been made to seek a performance comparison of two devices of acoustic cavitation, namely, ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic horn with regard to their ability to upgrade the petroleum residues to lighter, more value-added products mainly the hydrocarbons boiling in the range of gas oil fraction. Another attempt has been made to study the effect of ultrasound on the upgradation of the residue when it is emulsified in water with the help of different surfactants. For all the cases, a kinetic model has been developed based on the constituents of the residue so as to get an insight into the reaction mechanism. The study revealed that ultrasonic horn is more effective in bringing about the upgradation than ultrasonic bath and that the acoustic cavitation of the aqueous emulsified hydrocarbon mixture could reduce the asphaltenes content to a greater extent than the acoustic cavitation of non-emulsified hydrocarbon mixture. The reduction in asphaltenes content of BHVR was found to be more followed by AMVR followed by HA. The variation in the rate constants was found to be feed specific and the rate constants for the conditions of maximum conversion of asphaltenes to gas oil for AMVR, BHVR and HA were found to be 0.29 × 10 −4 s −1 , 1.4 × 10 −4 s −1 and 0.23 × 10 −4 s −1 , respectively.Les procédés traditionnels visantà enrichir la concentration des matières premières résiduelles, c.-à-d. le craquage thermique et le craquage catalytique, se fontà des températures variant entre 400 et 520 • C. Des températures aussiélevées peuvent, en principe,être substituées par la cavitation acoustique. Dans le cadre de cetteétude, deux résidus sous vide,à savoir le mélange arabe de résidus sous vide (MARSV) et le résidu de vide poussé de Bombay (RVPB) et un asphalte, c.-à-d. l'asphalte Haldia (AH), ontété soumisà la cavitation acoustique selon différents temps de réaction, variant entre 15 et 120 minutes,à la température et la pression ambiantes. Une tentative aété faite pour chercherà obtenir une comparaison du rendement des deux dispositifs de cavitation acoustique,à savoir un bainà ultrasons et une sondeà ultrasons, en ce qui a traità leur capacitéà enrichir la concentration des résidus de pétrole de façonà obtenir des produits plus légersà valeur ajoutée accrue, principalement les hydrocarbures enébullition dans la gamme de fractions gaz-pétrole. Une autre tentative aété faite pourétudier l'effet des ultrasons sur l'enrichissement de la concentration du résidu lorsqu'il est enémulsion dans...

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Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it may be pointed out that Sadeghi et al (1990) have exclusively used UB while Lin and Yen (1993) and Austin (2003a,b,c) have exclusively used UH. Hence, it was thought desirable to understand the effect of power and intensity of acoustic cavitation by employing both, UB and UH in the present work.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of ultrasound in petroleum residue upgradation

et al. 2009

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“…For a number of years, ultrasound irradiation has been utilized as a method of tar sand separation to aid the recovery of bitumens in our research (6)(7). The ultrasound method has been used for heavy oil upgrading to crack the high molecular weight asphaltene into low molecular weight oil (8)(9), as well as for the dechlorination of trihalocarbons in water (10).…”

Section: Approach For the Feasibility Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Recovery Process for Spent Polyurethane-Based Propellants

Shiu

Yang

Yen

et al. 1995

ACS Symposium Series

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The valuable inorganic components-energetics and fuel-of solid propellants are successfully separated and recovered by using swelling and ultrasound. In this study, the inert polyurethane-based propellant is first comminuted in various solvents as swelling media, and an appropriate solvent is then selected. Subsequently an ultrasound induced cavitational reaction for interfacial treatment is performed with the use of a mild oxidant. Through the process, the polymer binders are partially degraded and the propellant network is destroyed, enabling inorganic and metallic constituents to be released and separated.To meet military need, solid composite propellants have been extensively developed and manufactured in the past. Following the end of the cold war, these large quantities of propellants from the demilitarization of missiles brought about the urgency of safe propellant disposal. While noted for their high energy release arid explosion, the spent propellants become hazardous wastes and need to be disposed with caution. In compliance to the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and EPA regulations, the conventional and primary disposal method of spent propellant-open-pit burning-is no longer legal. These stringent environmental regulations and uprising pollution concerns have prompted the study of the recovery process for spent propellants.To recover the useful inorganic components from the spent propellant, the most common methods of breaking the polyurethane backbone macro-structure under vigorous conditions, such as thermal and hydrolytic cleavage, are not applicable. Currently, several techniques are actively being pursued by different groups. These include: aqueous maceration and extraction of propellant by Thiokol, cryogenic washout by General Atomic, and ammonia extraction at supercritical or near-supercritical conditions by Hercules. In addition to these, alternative methods leading to a mild recovery process are being sought.

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“…For example, ultrasonic processing has demonstrated great potential in pipeline descaling and cleaning, improved transportation, and refining and production processes such as upgrading (i.e., the rate and efficiency of molecular weight reduction) under ambient conditions. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, detailed information is currently unavailable on the impacts of primary ultrasonic process variables such as discrete frequencies and sparge gases on the molecular weight reduction of asphaltene samples. Moreover, this is the first investigation that evaluates sonochemical upgrading of asphaltene in terms of number average molecular weight, a direct and quantitative measure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Sonochemical Process Variables on Number Average Molecular Weight Reduction of Asphaltene

Kang

Hua

Xiao

2006

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Athabasca asphaltene was ultrasonically processed under a variety of conditions. Five discrete ultrasonic frequencies and four saturating gases were explored. The kinetics of the reduction in the number average molecular weight (NAMW) were determined by vapor pressure osmometry measurements and UV/visible spectrophotometric measurements. The NAMWs decreased significantly after short treatment times (from ∼1200 to ∼470 g/mol in 15 min). The observed reduction in the NAMWs of asphaltene was greatest at 358 kHz. At a frequency of 205 kHz, the observed reduction in NAMW was fastest with a mixture of Ar/H 2 (50%/50% v/v), whereas saturating with hydrogen, air, and oxygen gases exhibited minimal effect on the kinetics. Visible light absorption spectra of asphaltene samples demonstrate that heptane soluble fractions increase by >50% after sonochemical treatment as an upgrading process.

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Novel extraction of tar sands by sonication with the aid of in-situ surfactants

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Use of ultrasound in petroleum residue upgradation

Use of ultrasound in petroleum residue upgradation

A Recovery Process for Spent Polyurethane-Based Propellants

Impacts of Sonochemical Process Variables on Number Average Molecular Weight Reduction of Asphaltene

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