Novel fabrication method of the peritoneal dialysis filter using silk fibroin with urease fixation system

Abstract

During the last decade, there has been a great advance in the kidney dialysis system by wearable artificial kidney (WAK) system for end-stage renal disease patients. Uremic solute removal and water regeneration system are the most prerequisite for WAK to work properly. In this study, we designed a filtering membrane system by using immobilized urease silk fibroin filter and evaluated its comparative effectiveness with a PVDF filtering system in peritoneal dialysate regeneration system by urea removal efficacy. We evaluated this membrane's characteristic and performances by conducting SEM-EDX analyze, water-binding abilities and porosity test, removal abilities of urea, cytotoxicity assay and enzyme activity assay. Under the condition for optimization of urease, the percentage removal of urea was about 40% and 60% in 50 mg/dL urea solution by urease immobilized PVDF and silk fibroin scaffolds, respectively. The batch experimental result showed that immobilized filter removed more than 50% of urea in 50 mg/dL urea solution. In addition silk fibroin with urease filter removed 90 percent of urea in the peritoneal dialysate after 24 h filtration. We suggest that silk fibroin with urease fixation filter can be used more effectively for peritoneal dialysate regeneration system, which have hydrophilic property and prolonged enzyme activity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2136-2144, 2017.

Precisely printable and biocompatible silk fibroin bioink for digital light processing 3D printing

“…Silk fibroin (SF), a natural fibrous protein produced by Bombyx mori , has been used for a variety of biomedical and biotechnological applications, including as a wound dressing 21 , 22 , enzyme immobilization matrix 23 , vascular prosthesis, and structural implant 24 , 25 . SF can be processed into different forms and structures, including as a film, gel, membrane, powder, and porous sponges 25 – 27 under all-aqueous processing conditions and has been applied to tissue engineering.…”

3D Printing of Silk Fibroin for Biomedical Applications

“…The gelation mechanism by chemical crosslinking (for gelatin and hyaluronic acid) and ionic (for chitosan and alginate) are not suitable for the bioactivity of cell-loading bioink, and the inappropriate degradation rate (for fibrin and collagen) also shows an unfavorable servicing. Previously, a series of Silk fibroin (SF) products gained much attention for application and they were studied as a protein polymer for biomedical applications, for instance, in the enzyme immobilization matrix [24], wound dressing [25], vascular prosthesis [26], and artificial grafts [27], due to its similar components to the extracellular matrix (ECM), low-cost, tunable mechanical properties, controllable degradation, and good biocompatibility [28,29]. The timeline of the development of SF based bioink in 3D printing technology [30,31,32,33,34,35,36] over the past 30 years has witnessed great research and application value for the customized biomedical filed (Figure 1).…”

Artificial Auricular Cartilage Using Silk Fibroin and Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel

“…SF, a natural protein polymer, has been widely used in a number of biological and biomedical fields owing to its biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic properties [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. It has been used as a biomaterial in various forms, such as fibers, films, hydrogels, and 3D scaffolds [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”