Novel Filoviruses, Hantavirus, and Rhabdovirus in Freshwater Fish, Switzerland, 2017

Hierweger, Melanie M.; Koch, Michel C.; Rupp, Mélanie; Maes, Piet; Paola, Nicholas Di; Bruggmann, Rémy; Kuhn, Jens H.; Schmidt‐Posthaus, Heike; Seuberlich, Torsten

doi:10.3201/eid2712.210491

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The genome of L. lupus actinovirus contained all three expected actinovirus genomic regions (Figure 2). Notably, the S segment possessed an additional ORF upstream of the nucleoprotein in antisense orientation, also seen in the genome of perch actinovirus, but not in other actinoviruses [44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A case in point comes from the phylogeny of the Hantaviridae that clearly reflects the broad evolutionary history of vertebrates with the Agantavirinae (jawless fish) falling basal to the Actantavirinae (ray-finned fish), Reptantavirinae (reptiles) and Mammantavirinae (mammals), respectively (Figure 2). Despite their likely long-term presence in ray-finned fish, actinoviruses have only recently been discovered, and have been associated with disease in farmed species [19,27,44,47]. For instance, a novel actinovirus -perch actinovirus -was identified in diseased European perch (Perca fluviatilis) with high concentrations of viral RNA in gill endothelial cells and macrophages [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite their likely long-term presence in ray-finned fish, actinoviruses have only recently been discovered, and have been associated with disease in farmed species [19,27,44,47]. For instance, a novel actinovirus -perch actinovirus -was identified in diseased European perch (Perca fluviatilis) with high concentrations of viral RNA in gill endothelial cells and macrophages [44]. Our discovery of four actinoviruses in gobies suggests these viruses may be widespread in this fish family and hence should be monitored closely if interacting with farmed populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limited Cross-Species Virus Transmission in a Spatially Restricted Coral Reef Fish Community

Costa

Bellwood

Mifsud

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) — the largest coral reef ecosystem in the world — supports over 1200 fish species with some of the highest population densities and diversities seen in vertebrates, offering a high potential for virus transmission among species. As such, the GBR represents an exceptional natural ecosystem to determine the impact of host community diversity on virus evolution and emergence. In recent decades the GBR has also experienced significant threats of extinction, making it one of the most vulnerable ecosystems on the planet. However, our understanding of virus diversity and connectivity in tropical reef fishes remains poor. Here, we employed metatranscriptomic sequencing to reveal the viromes of 61 reef fish species. This identified a total of 132 viruses, 38 of which were vertebrate-associated and therefore likely infecting the fish, including a novel isolate of Santee-cooper ranavirus (Iridoviridae). Notably, we found little evidence for virus transmission between fish species living within a very restricted geographical space — a 100 m2 coral reef ecosystem — suggesting that there might be important host genetic barriers to successful cross-species transmission despite regular exposure. We also identified differences in virome composition between reef fish families, such that cryptobenthic reef fishes — characterized by small body sizes and short life-spans — exhibited greater virome richness compared to large reef fishes. This study suggests that there are important barriers to cross-species transmission, and that successful emergence in a reef fish community likely requires active host adaptation, even among closely related host species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limited Cross-Species Virus Transmission in a Spatially Restricted Coral Reef Fish Community

Costa

Bellwood

Mifsud

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In principle, the most facile route of evolution for viruses with segmented genomes, in which different genes have distinct provenances, appears to be segment reassortment. However, the genome organization of TFV1 (and arenaviruses) differs from that of hantaviruses including those in the genus Actinovirus [28]. Like arenaviruses, TFV1 encompasses two genome segments, such that the GPC and the (putative) NP are encoded in different orientations on the same segment.…”

Section: Plos Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel group of negative-sense RNA viruses associated with epizootics in managed and free-ranging freshwater turtles in Florida, USA

et al. 2022

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Few aquatic animal negative-sense RNA viruses have been characterized, and their role in disease is poorly understood. Here, we describe a virus isolated from diseased freshwater turtles from a Florida farm in 2007 and from an ongoing epizootic among free-ranging populations of Florida softshell turtles (Apalone ferox), Florida red-bellied cooters (Pseudemys nelsoni), and peninsula cooters (Pseudemys peninsularis). Affected turtles presented with similar neurological signs, oral and genital ulceration, and secondary microbial infections. Microscopic lesions were most severe in the softshell turtles and included heterophilic/histiocytic meningoencephalitis, multi-organ vasculitis, and cytologic observation of leukocytic intracytoplasmic inclusions. The virus was isolated using Terrapene heart (TH-1) cells. Ultrastructurally, viral particles were round to pleomorphic and acquired an envelope with prominent surface projections by budding from the cell membrane. Viral genomes were sequenced from cDNA libraries of two nearly identical isolates and determined to be bi-segmented, with an ambisense coding arrangement. The larger segment encodes a predicted RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a putative zinc-binding matrix protein. The smaller segment encodes a putative nucleoprotein and an envelope glycoprotein precursor (GPC). Thus, the genome organization of this turtle virus resembles that of arenaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the RdRP of the turtle virus is highly diverged from the RdRPs of all known negative-sense RNA viruses and forms a deep branch within the phylum Negarnaviricota, that is not affiliated with any known group of viruses, even at the class level. In contrast, the GPC protein of the turtle virus is confidently affiliated with homologs from a distinct group of fish hantaviruses. Thus, the turtle virus is expected to become the founder of a new taxon of negative-sense RNA viruses, at least with a family rank, but likely, an order or even a class. These viruses probably evolved either by reassortment or by intrasegment recombination between a virus from a distinct branch of negarnaviruses distant from all known groups and a hanta-like aquatic virus. We suggest the provisional name Tosoviridae for the putative new family, with Turtle fraservirus 1 (TFV1) as the type species within the genus Fraservirus. A conventional RT-PCR assay, targeting the TFV1 RdRP, confirmed the presence of viral RNA in multiple tissues and exudates from diseased turtles. The systemic nature of the TFV1 infection was further supported by labeling of cells within lesions using in situ hybridization targeting the RNA of the TFV1 RdRP.

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“…Based on partial nucleic acids (NA) sequences, its strongest similarity was with virus DK5533 isolated from northern pike ( Esox lucius ) from Denmark (Wahli et al, 2015). A few years later in 2017, the complete sequence of a new perhabdovirus (egli virus) was obtained from sick juvenile perch imported on a Swiss farm (Hierweger et al, 2021). This virus is more closely related to a virus from France (18/203) belonging to the species Perhabdovirus trutta .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further spread of perch rhabdovirus on European percid farms

Pallandre¹,

Schmidt‐Posthaus

Pozet³

et al. 2022

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Variants of perch rhabdovirus (PRV) circulate across European percid farms via the fish trade. To trace their circulation, they are usually isolated by cell culture and subsequently identified genetically by sequencing partial or complete genes. Here, a newly developed nested PCR‐based method was used to amplify and sequence the complete N and P genes directly from clinical samples obtained during an outbreak on a farm as well as from four batches of fish sampled from two other farms in another country. In an attempt to trace the origin of the five detected viruses, their N and P sequences were concatenated and compared with related viruses. One virus found in pike‐perch was highly related to a virus isolated in 2016 in Belgium. Two other viruses detected on a single farm were distinct from one another, with one being almost identical to another virus isolated in 2016 in Belgium and the other being more closely related to a subgroup with different origins, France and Belgium. Two other viruses found in perch from a third farm were identical and were more related to a subgroup of viruses isolated in France. Identifying variants by a direct PCR approach will help to prevent further dissemination in farms.

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Novel Filoviruses, Hantavirus, and Rhabdovirus in Freshwater Fish, Switzerland, 2017

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Limited Cross-Species Virus Transmission in a Spatially Restricted Coral Reef Fish Community

Limited Cross-Species Virus Transmission in a Spatially Restricted Coral Reef Fish Community

A novel group of negative-sense RNA viruses associated with epizootics in managed and free-ranging freshwater turtles in Florida, USA

Further spread of perch rhabdovirus on European percid farms

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