Novel Flavonoids and Reticulate Evolution in the Phlox Pilosa–p. Drummondii Complex

Abstract

The nonanthocyanin flavonoids of the diploids Phlox pilosa ssp. pilosa and P. drummondii ssp. mcallisteri and their putative allotetraploid derivatives P. aspera and P. villosissima were characterized by chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses. Synthetic F1 diploid hybrids were also examined. All but one of the compounds encountered were glycoflavone (C‐glycosyl) derivatives of either apigenin or luteolin. Although some compounds were present in all four taxa, most were species‐specific. Together, the diploids exhibited 15 different flavonoids. Half of each tetraploid ensemble was composed of novel flavonoids, compounds not manifest in either diploid ancestor. In total, the tetraploids produced seven different novel flavonoids. Five novel compounds differed from particular diploid compounds only in number or kind of oxygen‐linked sugar substituents. Ostensibly, these five are either identical to diploid biosynthetic intermediates or share common precursors with related diploid end products. The mode of origin of all novel compounds is discussed.

Flavonoids chemistry of theadonis amurensiscomplex in eastern Asia

“…A similar result was described by Doyle (1983) in Claytonia, while this was in contrast to the finding of Murray and Williams (1973) in Briza, and Levy (1976 and Levy and Levin (1971, 1974, 1975 in Phlox. In most genera, the diploid species are those most clearly defined morphologically and most isolated reproductively.…”

Ecological Differentiation in Perennial, Octoploid Species of Fragaria

“…Novel heterodimeric enzymes were described in many of these studies. Similar relationships have also been shown by using phenolic compounds (Levy and Levin, 1974;Brehm and Ownbey, 1965;Bringhurst, Khan, and Voth, 1964).…”

A chloroplast DNA phylogeny of easternPhlox(Polemoniaceae): implications of congruence and incongruence with the ITS phylogeny

“…ϭ 7), and all other listed taxa are diploid. b Levin, 1967. c Levin, 1968. d Levy and Levin, 1975. e Levin and Schaal, 1970. f Levin and Smith, 1966. g Levy and Levin, 1974. 4; fig. 2 of Ferguson, Krämer, and Jansen, 1999).…”

“…Representatives of all 22 eastern species and most eastern subspecies were included, as well as multiple populations of some taxa, particularly members of the P. pilosa complex, which is thought to have a history of hybridization (e.g., Levin, 1966;Levin and Smith, 1966;Levin and Schaal, 1970;Levy and Levin, 1974). In addition, six samples of western taxa were included (four species).…”