Novel fluconazole-resistant zoonotic yeast isolated from mastitis

Awandkar, Sudhakar P.; Kulkarni, Mahesh B.; Agnihotri, Aditya A.; Chavan, Vishranti G.; Chincholkar, Vijay

doi:10.1080/10495398.2021.1982725

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Thanks to the scientific progress, we now have a better understanding of how specific mycoses affect livestock welfare and production. Some mycoses, such as those causing mycotic abortions and mastitis, have been extensively studied [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungi’s Swiss Army Knife: Pleiotropic Effect of Melanin in Fungal Pathogenesis during Cattle Mycosis

Romero,

Kalinhoff,

Saa

et al. 2023

JoF

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Fungal threats to public health, food security, and biodiversity have escalated, with a significant rise in mycosis cases globally. Around 300 million people suffer from severe fungal diseases annually, while one-third of food crops are decimated by fungi. Vertebrate, including livestock, are also affected. Our limited understanding of fungal virulence mechanisms hampers our ability to prevent and treat cattle mycoses. Here we aim to bridge knowledge gaps in fungal virulence factors and the role of melanin in evading bovine immune responses. We investigate mycosis in bovines employing a PRISMA-based methodology, bioinformatics, and data mining techniques. Our analysis identified 107 fungal species causing mycoses, primarily within the Ascomycota division. Candida, Aspergillus, Malassezia, and Trichophyton were the most prevalent genera. Of these pathogens, 25% produce melanin. Further research is required to explore the involvement of melanin and develop intervention strategies. While the literature on melanin-mediated fungal evasion mechanisms in cattle is lacking, we successfully evaluated the transferability of immunological mechanisms from other model mammals through homology. Bioinformatics enables knowledge transfer and enhances our understanding of mycosis in cattle. This synthesis fills critical information gaps and paves the way for proposing biotechnological strategies to mitigate the impact of mycoses in cattle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melanin can also sequester antifungal drugs as well as the antifungal secondary metabolites [ 97 ] as amphotericin B and caspofungin in humans [ 39 ] or Fluconazole in cattle [ 57 ]. By being located in the cell wall, melanin keeps antifungal compounds in the extracellular space, preventing their cytotoxic effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi’s Swiss Army Knife: Pleiotropic Effect of Melanin in Fungal Pathogenesis during Cattle Mycosis

Romero,

Kalinhoff,

Saa

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…In the case of mammary gland fungal infection, yeasts of the genus Candida are the most frequently reported fungal pathogens in dairy cow mastitis [6] . The results of Sudhakar P et al showed that the prevalence of clinical mastitis in cattle was 19.68%, with 5.51% of the samples showing yeasts accounting for 1.09% of the total prevalence [7] .Furthermore, yeast intramammary infections have been reported to account for at least 10% of all clinical cases identi ed in veterinary practice [8,9] . This indicates an increasing number of cases of fungal infection of dairy cows with mastitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Candida spp. are considered to be opportunistic pathogens that can cause infection in both humans and animals, and are typically two-faced, yeast-like when not pathogenic, and mycelial growth when pathogenic, i.e., massive outgrowths of buds to form budding tubes or pseudohyphae, which enhances their ability to invade and adhere, and triggers the pathogenesis of the organism [11][12][13][14] . In dairy cows, Candida infections may be due to the use and abuse of antimicrobial drugs, contamination of antibiotic solutions and syringes and treatment with ducts or other materials in contact with the mammary gland leading to yeast colonization of the bovine dairy [13,15,16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Cow Mastitis Candida tropicalis

Fang,

Jiang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Candida tropicalis（C. tropicalis）is a zoonotic pathogen that is widespread in the environment and in recent years an increasing number of dairy cows have been infected with the fungus causing mastitis in cows. In this study, the pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the milk of cows with mastitis and their pathogenicity and drug resistance were investigated. Firstly, we identified pathogenic species through bacterial morphological isolation, then used genome sequencing technology to analyze and predict pathogenicity and drug resistance of pathogens, then verified the virulence of pathogens by infecting mice, and finally verified the drug resistance of pathogens through drug sensitivity tests and PCR technology. Our results show that the causative agent of mastitis in cows in this study is C. tropicalis, and genome sequencing analysis indicates that the organism is highly virulent and multi-drug resistant, and is capable of causing organ damage in mice. C. tropicalis is highly sensitive to nystatin and ketoconazole, moderately sensitive to amphotericin B and insensitive to itraconazole, gentamicin, penicillin and ciprofloxacin, and the present study screened for drug resistance genes such as ABC1, CDR1 and CDR2. In conclusion, the C. tropicalis in this study was highly pathogenic and multi-drug resistant. This study provides a theoretical basis for further screening of novel drug resistance genes in C. tropicalis and provides some reference for the selection of drugs for the treatment of fungal dairy mastitis.

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