Novel Genotypes of H9N2 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Poultry in Pakistan Containing NS Genes Similar to Highly Pathogenic H7N3 and H5N1 Viruses

Iqbal, Munir; Yaqub, Tahir; Reddy, K. Srinath; McCauley, John W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005788

Cited by 159 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

202

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Drops in egg production have also been observed in chicken breeders and layers infected with these viruses (Lu et al, 2004;Pillai et al, 2009). Furthermore, outbreaks of HPAI that resulted from circulating LPAI H5, H7 and H9 viruses have been reported in poultry worldwide (Iqbal et al, 2009;Snoeck et al, 2011). Additionally, their transmission to humans has been described and this highlights their potential to cause zoonotic disease (Capua and Alexander, 2007a;Wang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flock-Based Surveillance for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Breeders and Layers, Southwest Nigeria

Oluwayelu¹,

Omolanwa²,

Adebiyi³

et al. 2016

AJID

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Flock surveillance systems for avian influenza (AI) virus play a critical role in countries where vaccination is not practiced so as to establish the epidemiological characteristics of AI needed for the development of prevention and control strategies in such countries. Materials and Methods: As part of routine AI monitoring in southwest Nigeria, a competitive ELISA was used for detecting influenza A virus antibodies in the sera of 461 commercial breeder and layer birds obtained from different flocks in Oyo State, Nigeria while haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against low pathogenic AI viruses (LPAIVs) were detected using H5N2, H7N7 and H9N2 subtype-specific antigens. Suspensions prepared from cloacal swabs were tested for AI virus RNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Results showed that influenza A virus antibody prevalence was 12.8% and 9.3% for breeders and layers, respectively while HI assay revealed 22.0%, 2.0% and 78.0% prevalence of LPAIV H5N2, H7N7 and H9N2 antibodies respectively. All cloacal swab suspensions were negative for AIV RNA. Conclusion: Since LPAI infections result in decreased or complete cessation of egg production in breeder and layer birds, increased infection severity due to co-infection with other poultry viruses have occasionally been transmitted to humans, the detection of LPAIV H5N2, H7N7 and H9N2 antibodies in these birds is of both economic and public health significance. These findings underscore the need for continuous flock monitoring as part of early warning measure to facilitate rapid detection and sustainable control of AI in Nigerian poultry.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flock-Based Surveillance for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Breeders and Layers, Southwest Nigeria

Oluwayelu¹,

Omolanwa²,

Adebiyi³

et al. 2016

AJID

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The substitution of Glu226Leu makes a preferential receptor binding specificity for SA α2,6-linked galactose, allows H9N2 viruses to replicate about 100-fold more efficiently in human cell culture (23, 25). There is a general increasing trend in the proportion of Iranian H9N2 viruses that possessed the human virus-like motif 226Leu, particularly in viruses isolated after 2004 (Table 1) and in recent Pakistan, UAE and Chinese isolates (7,18,26). This result shows increasing potential of recent Iranian H9N2 isolates to transmit to human.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the earliest Iranian isolates (since 1998) had the cleavage site motif -RSSR*Gwith two basic amino acids, which is rather typical for H9 viruses, including those from Hong Kong (Qa/HK/G1/97 and Dk/HK/Y280/97), Pakistan, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Dubai (16) the cleavage sites of the H9 influenza viruses, but none of them had more than two basic amino acids. It should be emphasized, that all H9N2 viruses with two or three basic amino acids in the cleavage site have had low pathogenicity for chickens (19,18). Some researchers suggested that -RSSR*G-motif is the signature of H9N2 LPAI viruses adapted to the chicken host (16,18,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be emphasized, that all H9N2 viruses with two or three basic amino acids in the cleavage site have had low pathogenicity for chickens (19,18). Some researchers suggested that -RSSR*G-motif is the signature of H9N2 LPAI viruses adapted to the chicken host (16,18,20). It is interesting that all of these mutations in Iranian isolates have happened after 2007.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phylogenetic Analysis of Hemagglutinin Gene of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Chicken in Iran in 2010-2011: Emerging of a New Subgroup

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aims: Hemagglutinin (HA) protein of Avian Influenza (AI) plays an essential role in the virus pathogenicity. AI H9N2 subtype causes significant economic loss in broiler and layer in poultry farms in Iran. AI viruses have a great involvement in evolutionary changes at nucleotide and amino acid levels and vaccines could induce faster rates of such changes. Up-dated understanding of the genetic changes of AI viruses circulating in Iran is necessary for controlling AI. Materials and Methods: Sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of the HA gene of three H9N2 subtype of AI isolates in Iran in 2010-2011 were studied. Results: Cleavage site of the Iranian 2010-2011 isolates possessed a different motif. Amino acid residue at position 226 at receptor binding site in these isolates was Leucine, which was similar to human viruses. The epitopes for HA showed a great variation related to the year of isolation. According to phylogenetic analysis, Iranian isolates were divided into two main subgroups. But, viruses isolated in this study formed a third minor subgroup. Degree of homology between the 2010-2011 isolates and former Iranian isolates was significantly low. Conclusion:The results revealed that HA of new Iranian AI H9N2 isolates have undergone extensive genetic changes. Definitely, continuous monitoring of genetic changes is a useful tool for updating control strategy for AI outbreak in Iran.

show abstract

“…The reassorted virus has been shown to possess increased virulence (Iqbal et al 2009;Marshall et al. 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Supplemental Information 2: Alignment of the Unusual Sequence to the Prototypes of the Three H9N2 Hemagglutinin Lineages

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/655), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. The results of this analysis are also consistent with a model where hemagglutinin has predominantly evolved by neutral drift punctuated by occasional selection events. These selective events have produced the current pattern of distinct lineages in the Middle East, Korea and China. This interpretation is in agreement with existing studies that have shown that there is widespread intra-country sequence evolution.PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.499v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access |

show abstract

Novel Genotypes of H9N2 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Poultry in Pakistan Containing NS Genes Similar to Highly Pathogenic H7N3 and H5N1 Viruses

Cited by 159 publications

References 73 publications

Flock-Based Surveillance for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Breeders and Layers, Southwest Nigeria

Flock-Based Surveillance for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Breeders and Layers, Southwest Nigeria

Phylogenetic Analysis of Hemagglutinin Gene of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Chicken in Iran in 2010-2011: Emerging of a New Subgroup

Untitled

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About