Novel glass ceramic foams materials based on red mud

Development of a sintering process for recycling oil shale fly ash and municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash into glass ceramic composite

“…The product (vitrified slag content of 80%, oil shale fly ash content of 20%, sintering temperature of 1000°C and sintering time of 2 h) showed the properties of density of 1.92 ± 0.05 g/ cm 3 , weight loss on ignition of 6.14 ± 0.18%, sintering shrinkage of 22.06 ± 0.6% and compressive strength of 67 ± 14 MPa, indicating it was a applicable waste-based material compared to some other materials as reported in previous researches (e.g. glass ceramics, bricks, ceramics and granite) and confirmed the possibility of engineering applications (Cheng, 2004;Cheng et al, 2011;Guo et al, 2014b;Karamanov et al, 2003). Specially, the energy consumption in the production of the glass ceramic composites by the modified method can be reduced a lot compared to conventional vitrification and sintering process, which is important for the implement widespread availability of large-scale industrial and municipal wastes.…”

Recycling of inorganic waste in monolithic and cellular glass‐based materials for structural and functional applications

“…). While the decomposition of carbonates well matches with the softening of glasses from dismantled CRTs (known for their low characteristic temperatures), it may be more difficult to exploit with other glasses.…”

“…fluorides); on the other hand, as previously stated, the products lack homogeneity, so that some pollutants could remain concentrated in some areas of the samples, although the leachability of sintered residues could be in any case lower than that of untreated waste (Zacco et al specifically mention the viability of direct sintering of incinerator residues). Finally, direct sintering can be used also for highly porous glass‐ceramics, with a glass phase originating from part of the waste or from fluxes, such as Na silicate and Na borate …”

Preparation of layered double hydroxides using boron mud and red mud industrial wastes and adsorption mechanism to phosphate

“…The corrosive nature of the red mud and its enormous quantities (90 million tons yearly worldwide) caused significant ecological problems and considerable negative environmental effects (Guo et al . ; Wang et al . ).…”

“…For every ton of alumina produced, approximately one to two tons (dry weight) of bauxite residues were generated. The corrosive nature of the red mud and its enormous quantities (90 million tons yearly worldwide) caused significant ecological problems and considerable negative environmental effects (Guo et al 2014;Wang et al 2014a,b). Boron mud was produced during the production of boric acid or borax.…”