Novel Green Biosynthesis of 5-Fluorouracil Chromium Nanoparticles Using Harpullia pendula Extract for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third highest major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hence, many strategies and approaches have been widely developed for cancer treatment. This work prepared and evaluated the antitumor activity of 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) loaded chromium nanoparticles (5-FuCrNPs). The green biosynthesis approach using Harpullia (H) pendula aqueous extract was used for CrNPs preparation, which was further loaded with 5-Fu. The prepared NPs were characterized for morphology using scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM and TEM). The results revealed the formation of uniform, mono-dispersive, and highly stable CrNPs with a mean size of 23 nm. Encapsulation of 5-Fu over CrNPs, with a higher drug loading efficiency, was successful with a mean size of 29 nm being produced. In addition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) were also used for the investigation. The drug 5-Fu was adsorbed on the surface of biosynthesized CrNPs in order to overcome its clinical resistance and increase its activity against CRC cells. Box–Behnken Design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to characterize and optimize the formulation factors (5-Fu concentration, CrNP weight, and temperature). Furthermore, the antitumor activity of the prepared 5-FuCrNPs was tested against CRC cells (CACO-2). This in vitro antitumor study demonstrated that 5-Fu-loaded CrNPs markedly decreased the IC50 of 5-Fu and exerted more cytotoxicity at nearly all concentrations than 5-Fu alone. In conclusion, 5-FuCrNPs is a promising drug delivery system for the effective treatment of CRC.

A Tri-Stimuli Responsive (Maghemite/PLGA)/Chitosan Nanostructure with Promising Applications in Lung Cancer

“…The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values were estimated by a non-linear regression analysis (GraphPad Prism 9.1.0, GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA) [ 86 , 87 ].…”

Xiaoyao powder alleviates the hippocampal neuron damage in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression model rats in hippocampus via connexin 43Cx43/glucocorticoid receptor/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway

“…Refer to the reported literature [ 31 ], HEK293T cells were lysed with radioimmunoprecipitation (RAPI) buffer, and the extracted and quantified proteins were added with the Pierce™ Protein GPlusAgarose (Invitrogen, USA) and incubated at 4°C for 1 h. Partial supernatant (60 μL) was applied as negative control. The supernatant was then added with anti-GR (1∶200) or anti-CX43 (1∶200) at 4°C overnight, respectively.…”

“…Based on the reported literature [ 31 ], each group of hippocampal neurons was immobilized with 3% glutaraldehyde for 2 h. After washing, the hippocampal neurons were addressed with 1% osmium for 1.5 h. Subsequently, the hippocampal neurons were subjected to a series of treatments, including uranium dioxy acetate staining for 1 h, progressive dehydration with 50%–100% alcohol, and dehydration with pure acetone. After embedding in epoxy resin, the Leica ultra-thin slicer was applied for slicing (50–70 nm).…”

Design and Optimization of Orally Administered Luteolin Nanoethosomes to Enhance Its Anti-Tumor Activity against Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…As cancer spreads from other parts of the body to the liver, it is known as secondary metastatic liver cancer [ 2 , 3 ]. The most prevalent type of liver cancer is HCC, which accounts for nearly 90% of all liver cancer [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Chemotherapy and other traditional cancer therapies utilized in the treatment of HCC are restricted due to their adverse effects [ 4 , 5 ].…”

“…The most prevalent type of liver cancer is HCC, which accounts for nearly 90% of all liver cancer [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Chemotherapy and other traditional cancer therapies utilized in the treatment of HCC are restricted due to their adverse effects [ 4 , 5 ]. Medicinal plants have great importance due to their [ 6 ] antioxidant, antitumor activities, a promising growth inhibitory effect against the skin, and ovarian cancer [ 7 ].…”