“…[63, 66] They bind to targets as diverse as G-Protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), [67] protein tyrosine phosphatase 3 (PRL-3), [68] cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), [69] MurB, C & G, [63] B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), [70] phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), [71] fungal protein mannosyl transferase 1 (PMT1), [72] tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), [73] Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3 (HCV NS3) and NS5b polymerase (HCV NS5b), [74, 75] cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), [76] proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (Pim-1), [77] cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), [54] HIV-1 integrase, [78] serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) [79] and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). [80] Several of the most potent compounds identified here have also been picked up in other screening campaigns, offering a cautionary note to the possibility of off-target effects. Frequent reporting in their identification via screening may be due to the low IC50 activity assigned for a “hit” which is often ~ 25 µM, representing only weak affinity for the target of interest.…”