Novel halogen-free flame retardants - flame retardation of unsaturated polyester resins with use of boron compounds

Abstract

Streszczenie-Oceniono efektywnooeae uniepalniaj¹cego dzia³ania nowych bezhalogenowych antypirenów (flame retardant-FR) w postaci wybranych zwi¹zków boru (zarówno krystalicznych, jak i ciek³ych) nienasyconych ¿ywic poliestrowych (UP). Okreoelono wp³yw rodzaju i ilooeci dodatków FR na poziom palnooeci oraz termostabilnooeae kompozycji i laminatów poliestrowo-szklanych metodami oznaczania wskaŸnika tlenowego (OI), analizy termograwimetrycznej oraz z zastosowaniem kalorymetru sto¿kowego. Wykonano pomiary czasu ¿elowania i lepkooeci kompozycji przed ich utwardzeniem oraz w³aoeciwooeci mechanicznych utwardzonych kompozycji. Stwierdzono, ¿e badane zwi¹zki boru ograniczaj¹ palenie UP i zmieniaj¹ zachowanie siê materia³u w p³omieniu, nie pogarszaj¹c przy tym w³aoeciwooeci fizycznych i wytrzyma³ooeciowych utwardzonych ¿ywic. S³owa kluczowe: nienasycone ¿ywice poliestrowe, antypireny borowe, uniepalnianie nienasyconych ¿ywic poliestrowych, charakterystyka ogniowa, w³aoeciwooeci wytrzyma³ooeciowe. NOVEL HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANTS-FLAME RETARDATION OF UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS WITH USE OF BORON COMPOUNDS Summary-The efficiency of boron compounds as novel halogen-free flame retardants (FR) for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) has been examined. Selected types of FR (both crystalline and liquid ones) were used in properly chosen amounts (Table 1). The effects of FR addition on flammability level and thermal stability of compositions and polyester-glass laminates were determined by oxygen index measurements, thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry (Table 2 and 3, Fig. 1-3). Gelation time and viscosity of the compositions before curing were also measured as well as mechanical properties of the cured compositions (Table 4). It was found that boron compounds used as flame retardants retard the UP burning and change the material behavior in the flame. The same time they do not deteriorate physical and strength properties of cured resins.

Composites of Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Keratin Fibers Derived from Poultry Feathers and Flame Retardant Additives

“…Melamine (C 3 N 3 (NH 2 ) 3 ) and urea (NH 2 CONH 2 ) are the most commonly used nitrogen-containing flame retardants. During combustion, melamine absorbs the heat generated by the PUR matrix [ 23 ] and the melamine condensation products formed during heating form a charred layer on the polymer surface, limiting its flammability. The introduction of halogen-free flame retardants into the polyurethane matrix that is, (ammonium polyphosphate (PFA) and the system of ammonium polyphosphate and melamine cyanurate) [ 24 ], (poly (ammonium phosphate), triethylene phosphate and Fyrol-6) [ 25 , 26 ] caused deterioration mechanical properties of obtained systems but significant improvement of thermal stability.…”

Foamed polyurethane plastics of reduced flammability

“…Toxic gases are released as a result of the decomposition of polyurethane. 15 The chemical incorporation of fire retardants in the polymer structure is a better way to reduce foam flammability. Moreover, melamine undergoes thermal degradation and forms a charred layer on the surface of the material.…”

“…13,14 Boric acid and boro-organic compounds are very promising fire retardants because of their low toxicity and friendly environmental effects. 15 The chemical incorporation of fire retardants in the polymer structure is a better way to reduce foam flammability. This method does not have a plasticizing effect and does not influence the foam thermal stability.…”

Effect of Borate Groups on the Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Obtained with Using Hydroxypropyl Derivatives of Urea

“…The reduction of polymer flammability can be achieved by introducing flame retardants [3]. Retardants used in the polymer production usually worsen the properties of the obtained products and are not eco-friendly [3,4]. However, the European Union seeks to eliminate halogen methods of decreasing the flammability of polymeric materials and introduce such flame retardants the application of which would allow to obtain the materials of the desired mechanical properties [5][6][7][8].…”