Novel herpesviruses in riverine and marine cetaceans from South America

Sacristán, Carlos; Esperón, Fernando; Ewbank, Ana Carolina; Díaz‐Delgado, Josué; Ferreira-Machado, Eduardo; Costa-Silva, Samira; Sánchez-Sarmiento, Angélica María; Groch, Kátia R.; Neves, Elena; Dutra, Gustavo Henrique Pereira; Gravena, Waleska; Silva, Vera Maria Ferreira da; Marcondes, Milton C. C.; Colosio, Adriana Castaldo; Cremer, Marta Jussara; Carvalho, Vítor Luz; Meirelles, Ana Carolina Oliveira de; Marigo, Juliana; Catão‐Dias, José Luiz

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.021

Cited by 27 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…69 We found classic "tattoo-like skin lesions" attributed to cetaceanpoxvirus and skin lesions, primarily "punctate ulcerated lesions," that have been linked to cetacean herpesvirus. 54,55 Cutaneous poxvirosis was suspected grossly and/or microscopically in 5 dolphins; however, molecular confirmation was not achieved in the 3 tested by PCR. Cetaceanpoxvirus has been reported in a wide spectrum of hosts, and in Brazil, molecularly confirmed cases are limited to bottlenose dolphins and Guiana dolphins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

et al. 2020

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Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV; Paramyxoviridae) is the most significant pathogen of cetaceans worldwide. The novel “multi-host” Guiana dolphin ( Sotalia guianensis; GD)-CeMV strain is reported in South American waters and infects Guiana dolphins and southern right whales ( Eubalaena australis). This study aimed to describe the pathologic findings, GD-CeMV viral antigen distribution and detection by RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), and infectious comorbidities in 29 Guiana dolphins that succumbed during an unusual mass-mortality event in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, between November 2017 and March 2018. The main gross findings were lack of ingesta, pulmonary edema, ascites, icterus, hepatic lipidosis, multicentric lymphadenomegaly, as well as pneumonia, polyserositis, and multiorgan vasculitis caused by Halocercus brasiliensis. Microscopically, the primary lesions were bronchointerstitial pneumonia and multicentric lymphoid depletion. The severity and extent of the lesions paralleled the distribution and intensity of morbilliviral antigen. For the first time in cetaceans, morbilliviral antigen was detected in salivary gland, optic nerve, heart, diaphragm, parietal and visceral epithelium of glomeruli, vulva, and thyroid gland. Viral antigen within circulating leukocytes suggested this as a mechanism of dissemination within the host. Comorbidities included disseminated toxoplasmosis, mycosis, ciliated protozoosis, and bacterial disease including brucellosis. These results provide strong evidence for GD-CeMV as the main cause of this unusual mass-mortality event.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

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“…Gammaherpesvirus has been associated with skin and genital lesions in cetaceans [ 5 , 7 , 18 – 21 ]. Here, we described three cases of balanitis (dolphins 6, 7 and 17), one of them with an associated papilloma (dolphin 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both subfamilies, Alphaherpesvirinae and Gammaherpesvirinae , have been detected in skin and genitals from cetaceans [ 5 , 7 , 9 , 18 – 25 ], but only alphaherpesviruses have been identified in the central nervous system of odontocetes. Nevertheless, central nervous system gammaherpesvirus infection was previously described in mysticetes [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nucleotide sequence MN699008 clustered with the sequence of an alphaherpesvirus from a striped dolphin from the Valencian Community coast, Spain (KP995681) (unpublished) (nucleotide identity: 96.97%, deduced amino acid identity: 100.00%). Nucleotide sequence MN699009 was part of a polytomy with alphaherpesviruses obtained from a bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) from Florida, USA (AY757301) [ 5 ] (nucleotide identity: 91.80%, deduced amino acid identity: 95.45%); an Atlantic spotted dolphin ( Stenella frontalis ) from Sao Francisco do Sul, Brazil (MF999155) [ 7 ] (nucleotide identity: 95.85%, deduced amino acid identity: 97.50%); and a striped dolphin from Canary Islands (KJ156332) [ 17 ] (nucleotide identity: 97.01%, deduced amino acid identity: 100%). Nucleotide sequence MT770752 clustered with the sequence obtained in a Risso’s dolphin ( Grampus griseus ) from a striped dolphin from the Valencian Community coast, Spain (KP995683) (unpublished) (nucleotide identity: 86.09%, deduced amino acid identity: 86.49%).…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herpesvirus infections in cetaceans have been associated with pathological processes such as systemic infections [ 6 , 13 , 14 ], encephalitis [ 15 – 17 ], genital lesions [ 5 , 9 , 18 – 21 ], skin lesions [ 5 , 7 , 22 – 25 ], nephritis [ 26 ], as well as immunosuppression [ 6 ]. However, infections have also been detected in cetaceans without any lesions or other clinical manifestations [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha- and gammaherpesviruses in stranded striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from Spain: first molecular detection of gammaherpesvirus infection in central nervous system of odontocetes

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Background Herpesvirus infections in cetaceans have always been attributed to the Alphaherpesvirinae and Gammaherpesvirinae subfamilies. To date, gammaherpesviruses have not been reported in the central nervous system of odontocetes. Case presentation A mass stranding of 14 striped dolphins ( Stenella coeruleoalba ) occurred in Cantabria (Spain) on 18th May 2019. Tissue samples were collected and tested for herpesvirus using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for cetacean morbillivirus using reverse transcription-PCR. Cetacean morbillivirus was not detected in any of the animals, while gammaherpesvirus was detected in nine male and one female dolphins. Three of these males were coinfected by alphaherpesviruses. Alphaherpesvirus sequences were detected in the cerebrum, spinal cord and tracheobronchial lymph node, while gammaherpesvirus sequences were detected in the cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, pharyngeal tonsils, mesenteric lymph node, tracheobronchial lymph node, lung, skin and penile mucosa. Macroscopic and histopathological post-mortem examinations did not unveil the potential cause of the mass stranding event or any evidence of severe infectious disease in the dolphins. The only observed lesions that may be associated with herpesvirus were three cases of balanitis and one penile papilloma. Conclusions To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of gammaherpesvirus infection in the central nervous system of odontocete cetaceans. This raises new questions for future studies about how gammaherpesviruses reach the central nervous system and how infection manifests clinically.

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Aquatic Mammals of the Amazon: A Review of Gene Diversity, Population Structure and Phylogeography Applied to Conservation

Gravena

Nunes

Souza

2021

Molecular Ecology and Conservation Genetics of Neotropical Mammals

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Novel herpesviruses in riverine and marine cetaceans from South America

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

Alpha- and gammaherpesviruses in stranded striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from Spain: first molecular detection of gammaherpesvirus infection in central nervous system of odontocetes

Aquatic Mammals of the Amazon: A Review of Gene Diversity, Population Structure and Phylogeography Applied to Conservation

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