Novel High-Rate Performance of Dual Carbon-Coated Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ Materials Used in an Aqueous Electrolyte

Abstract

Lithium vanadium phosphate (Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 ) coated with dual carbon−citric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), are used as the cathode materials for the novel aqueous rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (ARLBs). Li + diffusion coefficient of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (LVP/C) is first calculated and reported for the ARLBs. The primary discharge specific capacities of LVP/C reaches 125.8 mA h g −1 (1 C), 122.7 mA h g −1 (2 C), 113.6 mA h g −1 (5 C) and 101.6 mA h g −1 (10 C), respectively. Particularly, at 50 C (equivalent to an ampere density of 6.6 A g −1 ), the capacity has almost no decrease after 300 cycles. At a novel 100 C (13.2 A g −1 ), 94.9% of capacity retention is achieved after 1000 cycles, and the Coulombic efficiency approximates equal to 100%. Lithium vanadium phosphate with a NASCION structure is regarded as the great promising candidate material for power batteries owing to its high safety, superior structural stability, and excellent electrochemical performance.

Fast Ionic Storage in Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries: From Fundamentals to Applications

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 139 ] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. B) The structural insights and the Zn diffusional pathway within the LiV 2 (PO 4 ) 3 framework.…”

“…A) CV curve of Ni//(Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C) at 1 mV s −1 in saturated LiNO 3 electrolyte. Reproduced with permission [139]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society.…”

Interface Concentrated‐Confinement Suppressing Cathode Dissolution in Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte

“…Up to now, aqueous batteries have made breakthroughs in expanding the electrochemical window and improving energy density as well as prolonging work life, [ 7 ] when compared with the abovementioned cases involving nonaqueous electrolytes. It is still more challenging to address the cathode dissolution of vanadium‐based (VBO) cathodes in aqueous solution [ 8 ] due to the strong polarity of water easily attacking the VBO crystal structure to form dissolving vanadium species. [ 9,10 ] For example, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 has a very high chemical and electrochemical stability in nonaqueous organic electrolytes, [ 11 ] but exhibits inferior cycling stability in aqueous electrolytes [ 12 ] because the thermodynamic dissolving equilibrium of VBO cathodes is highly dependent on the pH value of the solution and various oxidation states (III, IV, and V).…”

A Review on High-Capacity and High-Voltage Cathodes for Next-Generation Lithium-ion Batteries

“…Carbon coating can enhance electronic conductivity. Ding et al performed dual carbon coating as an effective strategy and achieved high-rate performance in aqueous electrolytes [199]. Metal-ion doping can address the challenge of bulk ionic conductivity.…”