Novel Hybrid Formulations Based on Thiourea Derivatives and Core@Shell Fe3O4@C18 Nanostructures for the Development of Antifungal Strategies

Abstract

The continuously increasing global impact of fungal infections is requiring the rapid development of novel antifungal agents. Due to their multiple pharmacological activities, thiourea derivatives represent privileged candidates for shaping new drugs. We report here the preparation, physico-chemical characterization and bioevaluation of hybrid nanosystems based on new 2-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)-N-(substituted phenylcarbamo-thioyl)benzamides and Fe3O4@C18 core@shell nanoparticles. The new benzamides were prepared by an efficient method, then their structure was confirmed by spectral studies and elemental analysis and they were further loaded on Fe3O4@C18 nanostructures. Both the obtained benzamides and the resulting hybrid nanosystems were tested for their efficiency against planktonic and adherent fungal cells, as well as for their in vitro biocompatibility, using mesenchymal cells. The antibiofilm activity of the obtained benzamides was dependent on the position and nature of substituents, demonstrating that structure modulation could be a very useful approach to enhance their antimicrobial properties. The hybrid nanosystems have shown an increased efficiency in preventing the development of Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilms and moreover, they exhibited a good biocompatibility, suggesting that Fe3O4@C18core@shell nanoparticles could represent promising nanocarriers for antifungal substances, paving the way to the development of novel effective strategies with prophylactic and therapeutic value for fighting biofilm associated C. albicans infections.

Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Characterization of Novel Antimicrobial Agents Based on 6-Chloro-9H-carbazol Derivatives and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Scaffolds

“…In each test, a microbial culture positive control and a sterile medium negative control were performed. The plates were incubated for 24 h at 37 • C. The results are shown in Table 1 [25][26][27].…”

Anti-biofilm Fe3O4@C18-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ium-2-thiolate Derivative Core-shell Nanocoatings

“…In this regard, the hybrid nanosystems based on magnetite nanoparticles (MGNPs) could represent an alternative, considering their accessible and versatile preparation, reduced toxicity as well as antimicrobial properties [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. MGNPs were authorized as in vivo drug delivery platform, and as a result, several loaded systems with a good antimicrobial activity were recently reported [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…On the other hand, a variety of biomolecules have been used in order to facilitate the interaction of MGNPs with other antimicrobial species [ 20 ], including fatty acids such as stearic and myristic ones [ 17 , 24 ].…”

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and In Vitro Biocompatibility of New Unsaturated Carboxylate Complexes with 2,2′-Bipyridine

“…The emergence of multi-drug, extended-drug, and pan-drug resistance among bacterial and fungal pathogens is presently a global health problem urging the development of novel antimicrobial agents, either from natural sources or obtained by chemical synthesis [31]. …”