Novel infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) genotypes associated with disease outbreaks on Penaeus vannamei shrimp farms in Indonesia

Viral Shrimp Diseases Listed by the OIE: A Review

“…In Brazil this pathogen caused an economic loss of approximately 20 million USD with 40–60% mortality in 2003. By the end of 2005 the economic losses as a result of the IMNV outbreak had reached 430 million USD, and by the end of 2011, Brazil and Indonesia had suffered a combined economic loss of approximately 1 billion USD in Brazil and Indonesia [ 76 , 77 ].…”

“…The coding region of the RNA-binding protein is situated in the first half of ORF 1 (including a dsRNA-binding motif). The second half of ORF1 encodes a capsid protein with a molecular mass of 106 kDa [ 77 ]. The function of the dsRBM (dsRNA binding motif) is critical for modulation and viral replication in the immune system of the shrimp host.…”

“…IMNV strains identified in Brazil (six strains) and Indonesia (ten strains) showed high similarity with the alignment of a 372 bp fragment encoding the major capsid protein (MCP) of IMNV strains isolated from the two regions. This suggests that the MCP could be used as a target gene to track the movement of IMNV [ 77 ] ( Table 3 ). Through subsequent analysis, it was confirmed that the IMNV in Brazil and Indonesian reported by GenBank had nucleic acid sequence identity of 99.6% [ 82 ].…”

Infectious disease detection associated with trends in production, environmental and biosecurity factors for shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon) production systems in Banyuwangi, Indonesia

“…Recent advances in farm management technology and pathogen testing in Banyuwangi, Indonesia (such as those provided by Jala Tech, co‐investigators in this study; Bulkini, 2021) have facilitated preliminary investigations of disease impact on production outcomes. Pathogens of interest being tested in study farms in Banyuwangi, Indonesia, included the emerging pathogens for hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis ( Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei , EHP), infectious myonecrosis (virus, IMV), white faeces disease (WFD), acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and white spot syndrome (WSS) (Aranguren Caro et al., 2020 Arisa et al., 2021; Boonyawiwat et al., 2017; Flegel, 2012; Mai et al., 2019; Wan Sajiri et al., 2021). However, predictive modelling of risk factors associated with disease and production indices at shrimp farms in Banyuwangi, Indonesia, is still restricted by the lack of comprehensive data.…”

Co‐infection of infectious myonecrosis virus and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Penaeus vannamei farms in the east coast of India

“…The first outbreak in Asia‐Pacific region was reported from Indonesia in 2006 (Senapin et al, 2011) and subsequently in some Asian countries (OIE, 2019; Tang et al, 2019). Isolates of IMNV representing new genotypes were found to be associated with recent disease outbreaks in P. vannamei shrimp farms in Indonesia (Mai et al, 2019). The disease causes gross lesions of focal to extensive white necrotic areas in striated (skeletal) muscles, especially in the distal abdominal segments and tail fan and redness in some affected shrimp.…”