Novel Insights into bla _GES Mobilome Reveal Extensive Genetic Variation in Hospital Effluents

Abstract

In the “One Health” approach, which encompasses human, animal, and environmental health, emerging issues of antimicrobial resistance are associated with hospital effluents that contain clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria along with a wide range of antibiotic concentrations, and lack regulatory status for mandatory prior and effective treatment. bla GES genes have been reported in aquatic environments despite the low detection of these genes among clinical isolates within the studied hospitals. Carbapenemase enzymes, which are relatively unusual globally, such as GES type inserted into new integrons on plasmids, are worrisome.

Novel insights into genetic characteristics of blaGES-encoding plasmids from hospital sewage

“…A study analyzing samples from hospital wastewater treatment plants identified bla GES as one of the dominant β-lactamase genes ( Hubeny et al, 2021 ). Indeed, GES-type carbapenemase producers have been identified in hospital wastewater samples from various countries ( Gomi et al, 2018 ; Suzuki Y. et al, 2020 ; Maehana et al, 2021 ; Conte et al, 2022 ; Takizawa et al, 2022 ; Zagui et al, 2023 ), which is consistent with our results. Additionally, bla GES -harboring isolates have been widely detected in wastewater treatment plants ( Girlich et al, 2012 ; Urase et al, 2022 ), suggesting that the resistance genes from sewage may also be disseminated into communities.…”

First report and characterization of a plasmid-encodedblaSFO-1in a multi-drug resistantAeromonas hydrophilaclinical isolate

“…This region shared the highest nucleotide identity (≥99.98%) with the trb operon in 244kb and 49kb bla GES -encoding plasmids from A. caviae Aero21 and KAM329 respectively (Figure S1). A. caviae Aero21 was from hospital wastewater in Brazil [50] and KAM329 from an unknown source in Japan. The next most similar Aeromonas isolates had ≥ 97.65% sequence identity within the trb operon and were found on chromosomes from isolates ( Aeromonas sp.…”

First Report and Characterization of a Plasmid-Encoded blaSFO-1 in a Multi-Drug-Resistant Aeromonas hydrophila Clinical Isolate

“…This region shared the highest nucleotide identity (≥99.98%) with the trb operon in 244 kb and 49 kb bla GES -encoding plasmids from A. caviae Aero21 and KAM329, respectively ( Figure S1 ). A. caviae Aero21 was from hospital wastewater in Brazil [ 54 ] and KAM329 from an unknown source in Japan. The next most similar Aeromonas isolates had ≥97.65% sequence identity within the trb operon and were found on chromosomes from isolates ( Aeromonas sp.…”