Novel insights into the metabolic action of Kiss1 neurons

Talbi, Rajae; Navarro, Vı́ctor

doi:10.1530/ec-20-0068

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, POMC neurons have direct synaptic connections with GnRH neurons ( 39 ), and α -MSH affects LH secretion depending on the ovulatory cycle in women ( 40 ). Kisspeptin, which is a regulator of GnRH neurons, has bidirectional communication with POMC neurons and is implicated in energy metabolism ( 41 ). This highly complex system involved in the regulation of GnRH secretion is required for evolutionary fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Cases With an Early Presented Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency—A Long-Term Follow-Up and Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2021

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Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) deficiency is an extremely rare inherited autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe obesity, adrenal insufficiency, skin hypopigmentation, and red hair. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the POMC gene that codes the proopiomelanocortin polypeptide which is cleaved to several peptides; the most notable ones are adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), alpha- and beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormones (α-MSH and β-MSH); the latter two are crucial in melanogenesis and the energy balance by regulating feeding behavior and energy homeostasis through melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R). The lack of its regulation leads to polyphagia and early onset severe obesity. A novel MC4R agonist, setmelanotide, has shown promising results regarding weight loss in patients with POMC deficiency. A systematic review on previously published clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with POMC deficiency and additional data obtained from two unrelated patients in our care was performed. A 25-year-old male patient, partly previously reported, was remarkable for childhood developed type 1 diabetes (T1D), transient growth hormone deficiency, and delayed puberty. The second case is a girl with an unusual presentation with central hypothyroidism and normal pigmentation of skin and hair. Of all evaluated cases, only 50% of patients had characteristic red hair, fair skin, and eye phenotype. Central hypothyroidism was reported in 36% of patients; furthermore, scarce adolescent data indicate possible growth axis dysbalance and central hypogonadism. T1D was unexpectedly prevalent in POMC deficiency, reported in 14% of patients, which could be an underestimation. POMC deficiency reveals to be a syndrome with several endocrinological abnormalities, some of which may become apparent with time. Apart from timely diagnosis, careful clinical follow-up of patients through childhood and adolescence for possible additional disease manifestations is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Cases With an Early Presented Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency—A Long-Term Follow-Up and Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2021

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“…Yet they receive synaptic input from ARH kisspeptin neurons (646,647) that form part of the GnRH pulse generator for luteinizing hormone secretion (642). This type of relationship not only illustrates the interactive complexity of these behavior control networks (648), but also the limitations of assigning restrictive functional labels (e.g., orexigenic or anorexigenic) to a region or its constituent cell types.…”

Section: Hypothalamic Regions and Meal Initiation A General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks

Watts

Kanoski

Sanchez‐Watts

et al. 2022

Physiological Reviews

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During the past 30 years, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities that has coincided with an ever increasing sophistication of genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results with a remarkable level of cell-specificity-particularly at the cell signaling level-and have played a lead role in advancing the field. However, putting these findings into a brain-wide context that connects physiological signals and neurons to behavior and somatic physiology requires a thorough consideration of neuronal connections; a field that has also seen an extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal is to present a comprehensive and balanced assessment of how physiological signals associated with energy homeostasis interact at many brain levels to control eating behaviors. A major theme is that these signals engage sets of interacting neural networks throughout the brain, that are defined by specific neural connections. We begin by discussing some fundamental concepts-including ones that still engender vigorous debate-that provide the necessary frameworks for understanding how the brain controls meal initiation and termination. These include: key word definitions, ATP availability as the pivotal regulated variable in energy homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic and hedonic eating, and meal structure. Within this context, we discuss network models of how key regions in the endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, and spinal cord work together with the gastrointestinal tract to enable the complex motor events that permit animals to eat in diverse situations.

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“…49 KISS1 mRNA expression in the AVPV/POA is increased following administration of oestrogen, whereas KISS1 mRNA expression in the ARC is decreased by the administration of oestrogen, suggesting that kisspeptin has a role in the regulation of the negative and positive feedback effects of oestrogen and therefore the maintenance of ovulation. 50 KNDy neurons are sensitive to various chemical mediators (Figure 3 23,47,48,[51][52][53][54][55] ), with an interplay of these factors impacting upon kisspeptin release.…”

Section: Kisspeptinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the pathophysiology of functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea in women subject to psychological stress, disordered eating, excessive exercise or a combination of these factors

Morrison

Levy

2021

Clinical Endocrinology

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Introduction: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a common form of secondary amenorrhoea without an identifiable structural cause. Suppression of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility results in reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, with subsequent reduction in oestradiol, anovulation and cessation of menstruation. GnRH pulsatility suppression is a recognized complication of psychological stress, disordered eating, low body weight, excessive exercise or a combination of these factors. Pathophysiology of FHA: Individuals with FHA demonstrate low energy availability (EA), body fat percentage and energy expenditure. Documented adipocytokine changes notably, raised adiponectin, ghrelin, PYY, and decreased leptin, are associated with GnRH suppression. Other endocrine responses seen in this low EA state include low insulin levels, low total T3, increased basal cortisol levels and a reduced response to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) administration. FHA is associated with raised growth hormone (GH) and low insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), suggesting relative GH resistance. Kisspeptins are a group of polypeptides, recently discovered to play a major role in the regulation of the reproductive axis through influencing GnRH release. KNDy (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin) act on GnRH neurons and a multitude of factors result in their release.

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Novel insights into the metabolic action of Kiss1 neurons

Cited by 18 publications

References 69 publications

Two Cases With an Early Presented Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency—A Long-Term Follow-Up and Systematic Literature Review

Two Cases With an Early Presented Proopiomelanocortin Deficiency—A Long-Term Follow-Up and Systematic Literature Review

The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks

A review of the pathophysiology of functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea in women subject to psychological stress, disordered eating, excessive exercise or a combination of these factors

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