Novel insights into the potential mechanisms underlying carbendazim‐induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats

Abstract

Carbendazim (CBZ) is a common environmental pollutant that can contaminate food and water and severely damage human health. Some studies revealed the adverse effect of CBZ on different organs, but its detailed toxicity mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Thus, the present study aims to clarify the mechanisms of CBZinduced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Therefore, we partitioned 40 male Wistar rats into four groups (n = 10): a negative control group and three treatment groups, which received 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg of CBZ. All rats received the treatment daily by oral gavage. We collected blood and organ samples (liver and kidney) at 14 and 28 days postdosing. CBZ caused extensive pathological alterations in both the liver and kidneys, such as cellular degeneration and necrosis accompanied by severe inflammatory reactions in a dose-and time-dependent manner. All the CBZ-treated groups displayed strong tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) immunopositivity. Additionally, CBZ dose-dependently elevated the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine serum levels and reduced the serum albumin levels. Furthermore, CBZ-induced apoptosis, as indicated by the observed Bax gene upregulation and Bcl-2 gene downregulation in both organs. All these changes may be related to oxidative stress, as indicated by the increase in malondialdehyde levels and the decrease in total antioxidant capacity. Our results demonstrate that CBZ-induced dose-and time-dependent hepatorenal damage through oxidative stress, which activated both the NF-κB signaling pathway and Bcl-based programmed cell death.

A Comprehensive Study on the Mechanistic Way of Hexaflumuron and Hymexazol Induced Neurobehavioral Toxicity in Rats

“…In this study, HML-treated rats showed a decrement in their general activity, as well as, a significant drop in body weight was observed after exposure to HFM and HML regardless of having free access to food, indicating that both pesticides have a toxic effect on animal organs that may hinder the nutrient absorption [ 26 , 27 ]. Several studies confirmed our findings that insecticides caused weight loss, which could be attributed to the repellant effects of the insecticides causing a reduction in the consumption of food [ 28 , 29 ]. Behavioral assessment is an essential test for brain functions since changes in the nervous system affect human and animal behavior [ 30 ].…”

The potential mechanism underlying the hepatorenal toxicity induced by hymexazol in rats and the role of NF‐κB signaling pathway

“…Pesticides are extremely toxic to the kidneys, which are primarily responsible for excreting xenobiotics and related metabolites. [ 40 ] Serum urea and creatinine are biomarkers of the glomerular filtration rate, which is used in clinical research as an indicator of renal function. [ 25 ] The nephrotoxic potential of HML was revealed in our study by the elevation of serum urea and creatinine in rats exposed to either high or low doses of HML.…”

Shining a light on fungicide- water: enhanced photocatalytic degradation using the CoTiO3/CaTiO3 nanocomposite and experimental and theoretical viewpoints on improved intervalence charge transfer from O2− to Ti4+ and from Co2+ to Ti4+ ions and spatial charge transfer

“…5 CBZ has toxic effects on humans, animals, and plants, 6 such as DNA damage, 7 reproduction and developmental defects, 8,9 and neuro-, 10 liver and kidney toxicity. 11 Therefore, the treatment of CBZ in water and soil is crucial. To cope with the environmental crisis and pollution problems, various methods have been developed to treat CBZ in water and soil, including adsorption, 12 thermal degradation, 13 biodegradation, 14 and photocatalytic degradation.…”