Novel ionic complex with flame retardancy and ultrastrong toughening effect on epoxy resin

Lou, Gaobo; Rao, Qingqing; Li, Qing; Bai, Zhicheng; He, Xing; Xiao, Youhua; Dai, Jinfeng; Fu, Shenyuan; Yang, Shengxiang

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.139334

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The addition of IA-EHBP facilitated the production of a physical barrier to prevent the underlying materials from transferring heat or mass, which was in accordance with the TGA results. , Moreover, the average mass loss rate (AMLR) of FREPs was significantly reduced when compared with those of EP, indicating that IA-EHBP effectively enhanced the charring of FREPs. Compared with previously reported works about flame-retardant materials, − IA-EHBP exhibited the superiority of simultaneous improvement in flame retardancy and toughness of FREPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Photographs of the samples during UL-94 burning tests of EP, FREP10, and FREP20 (a); heat release rate (b), total heat release (c), smoke production rate (d), total smoke release (e), COP curves (f) of FREPs and comparison of impact strength and LOI values obtained in this work and previously reported flame-retardant materials − (g). Reproduced with permission from ref .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Copyright 2022 Elsevier Ltd. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 Elsevier Ltd. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2023 Elsevier Ltd. Reproduced with permission from ref .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Closed-Loop Recycling of Tough and Flame-Retardant Epoxy Resins

Fang¹,

Zhang

Wu³

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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Large-scale applications of flame-retardant epoxy resins have caused sustainability concerns on the use of renewable resources and end-of-life wastes. New strategies are required to address chemical recycling of fire-safe epoxy resins. Here, we demonstrated recyclable flame-retardant epoxy resins (FREPs) using itaconic acid-derived hyperbranched epoxy resin (IA-EHBP) and (1,3,5-hexahydro-s-triazine-1,3,5-triyl) benzyl mercaptan (HT-BM). The unique structure enabled a closed-loop chemical recyclable network that can be degraded into monomers with up to 86% yield of recovered monomers. The hyperbranched topological structure of IA-EHBP also contributed to a significant improvement in the strength and toughness of the FREPs. By using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, the effects of free-volume hole size and relative fractional free-volume on the mechanical performance and dynamic mechanical properties of FREPs were studied, and the function relations were therefore established based on the Williams–Landel–Ferry equation. The incorporation of IA-EHBP effectively promoted the formation of char residue and produced phosphorus- and sulfur-containing free radicals to prevent the generation of combustible volatiles, thus enhancing the flame retardancy. The FREPs can be recycled and reused multiple times without loss of performance. The method reported here provides a facile and closed-loop approach for high-efficiency chemical recycling and reuse of end-of-life flame-retardant materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Closed-Loop Recycling of Tough and Flame-Retardant Epoxy Resins

Fang¹,

Zhang

Wu³

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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“…The specific signals for the N H stretching vibration were found at 3335 and 3264 cm À1 (Figure 1a), and the specific signals for the C N and C H bonds belonging to DAD were found at 1195 and 2800-3000 cm À1 , respectively. 31 However, the adsorption peak of NH 2 on BE-DAD disappeared and new signal around 1640 cm À1 was observed, which corresponded to the C N, suggesting the successful synthesis of BE-DAD. Moreover, the specific peak for the P H bond of DOPO (the 2383 cm À1 peak) disappeared and the peak specific to the N H stretching vibration (the 3241 cm À1 peak) appeared in the DB-DAD FTIR spectrum, demonstrating that the nucleophilic addition The XPS spectra of DB-DAD are displayed in Figure 1b-f. As presented in the results, the experimental and theoretical amounts of C, O, N, and P in DB-DAD were consistent.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Db-dadmentioning

confidence: 97%

A novel multifunctional phosphorous and nitrogenous reactive flame retardant toward epoxy resins by one‐pot method

Zhang,

Peng,

Xiao

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Epoxy resin (EP) has attracted considerable attention in packaging, electronic devices, aerospace, and coatings fields owing to its remarkable chemical and physical performance. However, the inherent flammable performance and unfavorable brittle nature seriously restricted its application in sophisticated industry. Herein, an efficient reactive 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO)‐based flame retardant (DB‐DAD) was prepared by a facile “one‐pot” method. Due to their synergistic gas‐phase and solid‐phase flame‐retardant effects, DB‐DAD modified EP composites (EP/DB‐DAD composite) easily achieved UL‐94 V‐0 ratings, and an EP/DB‐DAD composite with a 0.32 wt% phosphorus content had an excellent (30.2%) limiting oxygen index. In addition, the amounts of heat and smoke decreased by 28.1% and 24.8%, respectively. Due to the introduction of long and flexible aliphatic chains, the EP/DB‐DAD composites exhibited satisfactory mechanical properties, the flexural and tensile toughness of EP/6% DB‐DAD were 82.5% and 62.2% higher than those of neat EP, respectively. Furthermore, EP/DB‐DAD composite showed good transparency (>85%) and favorable UV shielding performance. The EP/DB‐DAD composite with good comprehensive performance is extremely promising to accelerate EP application in high‐tech industries.

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“…Compared with virgin EP/DMP-30, the PHRR and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) of EP/DCM decreased by 36.2 and 22.6%, respectively. Lou et al synthesized a novel ionic complex (MPA-DAD) using methylphosphonic acid and 1,10-diaminodecane, which was applied as a flame retardant for solid EP. Eight wt % addition of MPA-DAD enabled EP to pass the UL-94 V-0 rating with a LOI of 29%, and the PHRR and THR reduced by 32 and 25%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Phosphorus-Free Biobased Epoxy Resin with Exceptional Flame Retardancy, Mechanical Properties, and Heat Resistance

Ying,

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Preparing biobased epoxy resins with intrinsic flame retardancy, excellent mechanical properties, and high heat resistance has the potential to be used in high heat and flameretardant fields (e.g., aerospace industry, electrical, and electronic areas). However, seeking renewable epoxy resins with those goals is still challenging. In this work, we prepare a biobased epoxy precursor (PGE) derived from phloretin via a one-step epoxidizing reaction and then solidified by 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) to obtain the target epoxy resin (PGE/DDS). The high molecular chain rigidness and char yield by in situ-generated Schiff bases combined with aromatic rings endow the PGE/DDS with high glass transition temperature (T g up to ∼259.2 °C), excellent mechanical properties (i.e., Young's modulus and hardness up to ∼5.41 and ∼0.35 GPa, respectively), and intrinsic flame retardancy. PGE/DDS resin passed V-0 rating in the underwriters laboratories-94 (UL-94) test with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 33.5% and significantly decreased the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) by 71.1 and 41.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the PGE/DDS resin exhibits enhanced dimensional stability due to its increased cross-linking density and additional antibacterial characteristics because of the in situgenerated Schiff bases. Our strategy will promote the facile preparation and application of biobased epoxy resins with high performance and versatile properties in high heat and flame-retardant fields.

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Novel ionic complex with flame retardancy and ultrastrong toughening effect on epoxy resin

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Closed-Loop Recycling of Tough and Flame-Retardant Epoxy Resins

Closed-Loop Recycling of Tough and Flame-Retardant Epoxy Resins

A novel multifunctional phosphorous and nitrogenous reactive flame retardant toward epoxy resins by one‐pot method

Facile Synthesis of Phosphorus-Free Biobased Epoxy Resin with Exceptional Flame Retardancy, Mechanical Properties, and Heat Resistance

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