“…19 The Ru 2 -diphosphonate system has superiority over carbonate because the organic groups of the phosphonate ligand can be modified with additional functions. In 2003, we reported the first example of metal phosphonates with extended structures which contain a diruthenium diphosphonate paddlewheel core, (NH 4 ) 3 Ru 2 (hedp) 2 Á2H 2 O (1), 20 and Ln III ions, the significant structural difference between 3-4 and 5-15 originates from the slight difference in the geometry of {LnOp 4 Ow 4 } polyhedra. In particular, the geometry of {LnOp 4 } is essential in determining the topology of the final products, which is a distorted square plane in 3-4, but closer to a distorted tetrahedron in 5-15.…”