Novel LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Monoamine Neurotransmitters and Metabolites in Human Samples

Abstract

For the simultaneous determination of monoamine neurotransmitters (NTs) like dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and epinephrine, and their metabolites (metanephrine, normetanephrine, 3-methoxytyramine, vanillylmandelic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid), a robust liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was introduced as the analytical method. This analytical method proved to be accurate for the simultaneous measurement of the amounts of 11 NTs and their metabolites in biological samples. The method proved to be more efficient and better than the previously reported method in terms of precision, recovery, sample requirement, and extraction procedure. The reported method requires only 100 μL of blood and 200 μL of urine, and the extraction procedure requires acetonitrile precipitation, filtration, drying, and reconstitution in water. The separation of all analytes was performed on an C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm and 1.8 μm). A 10 min gradient elution program with a mobile phase consisting of phase A (0.2% formic acid in water) and phase B (methanol) was used. The positive ionization mode was used for the detection of all analytes in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The proposed method was validated with an internal standard and yielded lower limits of detection and quantification ranges of 0.0182–0.0797 ng/mL and 0.0553–0.2415 ng/mL, respectively, with a good linearity (R 2) between 0.9959 and 0.9994. The recoveries ranged from 73.37% to 116.63% in blood and from 80.9% to 115.33% in urine. For the NTs and metabolites, the intra- and interday % CV were 0.24–9.36 and 0.85–9.67, respectively. The developed LC–MS/MS method was successfully used for the determination of trace amounts of endogenous compounds in human blood and urine samples.

Biomonitoring of pesticide exposure and its health implications in agricultural areas of Telangana, India: A brief data report

“…Epidemiological studies show that exposure to pesticides can cause wilde range of health problems, from acute gastrointestinal problems neurological symptoms and respiratory diseases [ 4 ]. In addition, chronic health problems such as [ 5 ] and Alzheimer's disease [ 6 ] and other non-communicable diseases [ 7 ], endocrine disorders and certain cancers have also been linked to pesticide exposure [ 8 ]. Recent research suggests that prenatal exposure to pesticides can lead to lower IQ and neurological problems in children, increasing the risk of neurological and developmental disorders [ 9 ].…”