“…A peculiar group of lipid-derived activated olefins is that generated by peroxidation of polyunsaturated lipids, which give rise to intermediate oxidation products among which trans-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) is the most widely studied, due to its reactivity towards several biologically relevant proteins, such as albumin (Aldini et al, 2006(Aldini et al, , 2008, actin c (Toshimitsu et al, 2000;Aldini et al, 2005;Dalle-Donne et al, 2007a;Aldini et al, 2007a) cytochrome c (Isom et al, 2004), insulin (Fenaille, Guy, & Tabet, 2003) and myoglobin (Liu et al, 2003), while research on its more reactive cognate, trans-4-oxononenal (ONE), is more recent (Yocum et al, 2005;Zhu & Sayre, 2007).…”