Novel lipoprotein density profiling in laminitic, obese, and healthy horses

Coleman, Michelle; Walzem, Rosemary L.; Kieffer, A. J.; Minamoto, Tomomi; Suchodolski, Jan S.; Cohen, Noah D.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.11.003

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This study utilized a novel test method, the Lipoprint ® assay, to evaluate the relative quantification of the lipoprotein classes and subfractions present in equid plasma samples. Using this method, HDL represents the most abundant lipoprotein fraction for both the donkeys and horses in our study, which is consistent with the literature involving the lipoprotein patterns of horses and cows using other lipoprotein assays [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Particle Size Distribution of Plasma Lipoproteins in Donkeys from Death Valley Compared to a Sampling of Horses

Goodrich

Behling‐Kelly

2022

Animals

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The clinical evaluation of lipid metabolism in equids is often limited to the measurement of total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. This provides a limited picture of metabolic state and general health, given the continuous exchange of lipid species between various lipoproteins. Major lipoprotein classes in equids include high-density lipoprotein (HDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and chylomicrons (CM). Unlike large breed horses, donkeys are highly susceptible to hepatic lipidosis. Currently, serum triglyceride concentrations serve as a surrogate marker of hepatic lipid exportation. Both VLDL, indicative of hepatic exportation, and its metabolic end-product, LDL, are rich in triglycerides, and contribute to this value. Diagnostic assays that distinguish VLDL from LDL could be useful in better recognizing the hepatic pathology in donkeys. The compositional differences of lipoproteins across species limit the use of commercially available assays developed for the measurement of human lipoproteins in domestic animals. In this study, we evaluated a high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method (Lipoprint®) for separating major lipoprotein classes and sub-fractionating LDL and HDL based on particle size in a large group of donkeys, and compared the pattern to a representative set of horses. Donkeys proved an HDL-rich species, with HDL accounting for the bulk of all lipoproteins (average 78.45%, SD 6.6%, range 92.2–55%). VLDL accounted for a large portion of the total (average 21.6%, SD 6.6%, range 37.1–7.8%), with minimal amounts of LDL detected. The horses tested had higher proportions of VLDL as compared to donkeys (31.7% and 21.6%, respectively p = 0.00008). The later finding draws into question the purported relationship between VLDL, high triglycerides, and hepatic lipidosis, given the incidence of the disease in donkeys is far higher than in horses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Particle Size Distribution of Plasma Lipoproteins in Donkeys from Death Valley Compared to a Sampling of Horses

Goodrich

Behling‐Kelly

2022

Animals

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“…The composition of the major phyla found in equine feces in this study is consistent with other studies, dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and then the less dominant phyla of Spirochaetes and Fibrobacteres (54)(55)(56)(57). At each sample point, Firmicutes was the predominant phylum over Bacteroidetes in these overweight horses.…”

Section: Fecal Multiomic Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

A Multiomic Approach to Investigate the Effects of a Weight Loss Program on the Intestinal Health of Overweight Horses

et al. 2021

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Obesity is endemic in human populations in the western society, and with mounting evidence that the intestinal ecological environment plays a major role in its pathogenesis, identification of therapies based on intestinal microbiota modulation are gaining attention. Obesity in companion animals is also a common clinical problem. We set out using a multidimensional approach, to determine the effectiveness and safety of a weight loss program for horses incorporating diet restriction and exercise. In addition, we aimed to investigate the effect of this program on the overall intestinal health of overweight sedentary horses. The investigation comprised of a randomized, controlled, 6-week study of 14 overweight sedentary horses and ponies who were blocked for age, gender, and breed (controls n = 7, treatment n = 7). The treatment group were fed a restricted diet (1.4% of body weight dry matter intake) and the control group a maintenance diet (2% of body weight as dry matter intake) over the study period. The treatment group were subjected to a prescribed exercise regime, while the control group were exercised to mimic foraging conditions. Several clinical measurements were taken at the start and end of the study, including morphological parameters, ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat, and blood pressure. Fecal microbiota analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and fecal metabolome was analyzed using NMR spectroscopy, on samples taken at weeks 1, 3, and 6 of the study. All horses completed the study period successfully. However, two of the treatment group had to have modified exercise regimes. The treatment group showed significant weight loss (p < 0.00001) and an associated decrease in waste circumference (p < 0.0001) when compared with the control group. The alpha-diversity of the fecal microbiota in the treatment group showed a significant increase from the start to the end of the study period (p < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between groups at any sampling point. There were significant changes (p < 0.05) in the metabolome in both groups between the start and end of the study, but not between groups at any sampling point. Finally, the resting blood pressure of all horses was significantly lower by the end of the study.

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“…In parallel, a greater HDL associated LCAT activity is found in dogs than in humans [30,44] whereas the CETP efficiency appears depressed in dogs and in cats [30,37,45]. Despite a LCAT activity identical in horses and in humans, HDL 3 subgroup particles are predominant in horses [46] and the low frequency of triglyceride enriched HDLs may be related to low CETP activity [25,45].…”

Section: Dog Cat Horsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…No IDL [7] Presence of ApoB 48 containing VLDLs [11,24,27] No IDL [11] No IDL [7] Presence of ApoB 48 containing VLDLs [11,24] 3 groups (by increasing density) : LDL 1 , LDL 2 (major), LDL 3 [25] Main HDL subgroup HDL 3 [44] HDL 1 and HDL 3 [42] HDL 3 [46] LCAT activity (Compared to human)…”

Section: Dog Cat Horsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In every of these situations, insulin resistance causes excessive lipomobilization throughout transacylase inhibition and lipase activation in adipocytes and thereafter increased hepatic biogenesis of VLDLs later transformed in LDL in bloodstream [48,49]. Increased lipoprotein lipase activity and elevated blood concentrations of HDL particles that provide the allosteric enzyme activator ApoC II molecules are coupled to increased blood VLDLs during chronic obesity in horses [46,57] and dogs [53]. On the other hand, decreases in HDL particles [56,58] and in lipoprotein lipase activity [47] are noted in obese cats.…”

Section: Major Dyslipidemias and Associated Anomalies In Lipoprotein ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

"Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Transport in Dogs, Cats and Horses: Particular Feature Compared to Humans (Mini Review)"

Bret¹

2022

BJSTR

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Lipoproteins are large particles of lipids stabilized by apolipoproteins and they transport lipids in the plasma within the body by specific oriented pathways according to the kind of the lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins have structural and functional roles: they serve as recognition molecules for membrane receptors and are essential partners for enzymes (LPL, LCAT and CETP) that are involved in the metabolism and exchange of lipids. The composition of lipoproteins is slightly different between dogs, cats, horses and humans: VLDLs containing the ApoB48 molecule are identified in dogs and horses. The HDL lipoproteins are the major lipoproteins in animals, but the spherical triglyceride-rich HDL particles are virtually absent because the CETP activity is low. By limiting triglyceride exchanges between lipoproteins, these compositional differences impact the prevalence of atherosclerosis in animals in which the vascular lesions occur secondary to other endocrine and metabolic disorders.

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Novel lipoprotein density profiling in laminitic, obese, and healthy horses

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Particle Size Distribution of Plasma Lipoproteins in Donkeys from Death Valley Compared to a Sampling of Horses

Particle Size Distribution of Plasma Lipoproteins in Donkeys from Death Valley Compared to a Sampling of Horses

A Multiomic Approach to Investigate the Effects of a Weight Loss Program on the Intestinal Health of Overweight Horses

"Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Transport in Dogs, Cats and Horses: Particular Feature Compared to Humans (Mini Review)"

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