Luminescent liquid crystals (LCs) materials have attracted significant interests for organic optoelectronic applications, especially for linearly polarised emission, becaused of their combination of ordered alignment and luminescence property. Since the first polarised organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) demonstration in 1995, remarkable progress has been done with polarised electroluminescence because of continuous advances with the design of suitable LC materials. In this Review, we summarize luminescent LC materials with representative examples based on fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, and lanthanide complexes. The structure-property relationships for polarised emission and, when available, electroluminescence of these materials are presented and discussed, with a focus on phosphorescent metallomesogens. We also present the rational behind the design and development of luminescent LCs materials for high efficiency polarised OLEDs, along with the challenges ahead to achieve efficient devices.