Novel Movable Typing for Personalized Vein‐Chips in Large Scale: Recapitulate Patient‐Specific Virchow's Triad and its Contribution to Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (Adv. Funct. Mater. 23/2023)

Abstract

Organ on Chips In article number 2214179, Lining Arnold Ju and co‐workers, devised a novel, cost‐effective, and high‐throughput fabrication method for the creation of personalized vein‐chips, employing movable typing stereolithography and organ‐on‐chip technologies. This innovative chip accurately replicates an individual patient's unique anatomy and hemodynamics, thereby facilitating the investigation of clot formation in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The vein‐chip demonstrates significant potential for future personalized thrombotic assessment and monitoring.

Movable typing of full‐lumen personalized Vein‐Chips to model cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

“…However, generating fully personalized, 3D, closed‐channel models using these traditional methods has been proven challenging. While 3D printing technology can form circular cross‐sections, [ 16 ] most resin‐based laser curing printers face limitations that prevent their use in creating full‐lumen, personalized vessel‐on‐chip models (Figure 1A). [ 21,22 ] One significant hurdle is the viscosity of the resins, which hinders efficient flushing during the printing process, leading to resin accumulation and channel blockage.…”

“…[ 23 ] Thus, we used our established algorithm to extract the anatomy of the left sigmoid sinus from an MRV image of a 70‐year‐old female patient. [ 16,24 ] The sigmoid sinus had a longitudinal length of 80 mm and a luminal diameter of 4 mm. We scaled down this luminal diameter to a minimum of 400 μm, a size suitable for stereolithography 3D printing.…”

“…Clinical MRV data for a patient were obtained using a Philips Medical Systems (Achieva) as described previously. [ 16 ] The data acquisition followed the standard consent procedure. A dual‐echo MRV pulse sequence was employed, with a readout bandwidth of ±15.6 kHz and a flip angle of 20°.…”

“…To address these challenges, we drew inspiration from the traditional Chinese movable type methodology, which utilizes interchangeable stamping blocks to print diverse characters and form a newspaper in ancient time. [ 15 ] We have leveraged the low‐cost movable typing‐based soft lithography platform [ 16 ] to develop a full‐lumen personalized Vein‐Chip model, advancing our capacity to study CVST. This innovative Vein‐Chip model facilitates the recreation of patient‐specific CVS geometries, integrating two halves to accurately represent the full‐lumen vessel geometry (Figure 1A).…”

Shear‐Responsive Drug Delivery Systems in Medical Devices: Focus on Thrombosis and Bleeding

“…According to Virchow's triad, thrombosis is triggered by a variety of factors, including hypercoagulability, medical device materials, and hemodynamic parameters (high shear stress/high residence time. [ 12 ] Non‐biocompatible circuit surfaces, such as those made from synthetic materials, can trigger an immune response and promote platelet adhesion, aggregation, and ultimately thrombosis formation. [ 13 ] In addition, high shear stress and intensive blood flow regions, and prolonged blood contact time with medical devices, especially those in MCS, further contribute to these complications.…”