Novel Multifunctional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Curing Agent with High Flame-Retardant Efficiency for Epoxy Resin

Tan, Yi; Shao, Zhu-Bao; Chen, Xuefang; Long, Jia-Wei; Chen, Li; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1021/acsami.5b04570

Cited by 227 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The XPS N1s spectrum of the struvite crystal is shown in Figure 9c. A single symmetrical peak appeared at the binding energy of 401.3 eV, due to the presence of NH + 4 groups [65]. The XPS P2p spectrum shows that a characteristic peak at 133.2 eV (Figure 9d), ascribed to the P=O group of struvite [66].…”

Section: Xps Analyses Of Biotic Struvitementioning

confidence: 98%

Bio-Precipitation of Carbonate and Phosphate Minerals Induced by the Bacterium Citrobacter freundii ZW123 in an Anaerobic Environment

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2020

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, a facultative anaerobic strain isolated from marine sediments and identified as Citrobacter freundii, was used to induce the precipitation of carbonate and phosphate minerals in the laboratory under anaerobic conditions. This is the first time that the ability of C. freundii ZW123 to precipitate carbonate and phosphate minerals has been demonstrated. During the experiments, carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphatase and ammonium released by the bacteria not only promoted an increase in pH, but also drove the supersaturation and precipitation of carbonate and phosphate minerals. The predominant bio-mediated minerals precipitated at various Mg/Ca molar ratios were calcite, vaterite, Mg-rich calcite, monohydrocalcite and struvite. A preferred orientation towards struvite was observed. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and elemental mapping showed the distribution of magnesium and calcium elements within Mg-rich calcite. Many organic functional groups, including C=O, C–O–C and C–O, were detected within the biominerals, and these functional groups were also identified in the associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Fifteen kinds of amino acid were detected in the biotic minerals, almost identical to those of the EPS, indicating a close relationship between EPS and biominerals. Most amino acids are negatively charged and able to adsorb cations, providing an oversaturated microenvironment to facilitate mineral nucleation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of struvite shows the presence of organic functional groups on the mineral surface, suggesting a role of the microorganism in struvite precipitation. The ZW123 bacteria provided carbon and nitrogen for the formation of the biotic minerals through their metabolism, which further emphasizes the close relationship between biominerals and the microorganisms. Thermal studies showed the enhanced thermal stability of biotic minerals, perhaps due to the participation of the bacteria ZW123. The presence of amino acids such as Asp and Glu may explain the high magnesium content of some calcites. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the morphological change and preferred orientation were likely caused by selective adsorption of EPS onto the various struvite crystal surfaces. Thus, this study shows the significant role played by C. freundii ZW123 in the bioprecipitation of carbonate and phosphate minerals and provides some insights into the processes involved.

show abstract

Section: Xps Analyses Of Biotic Struvitementioning

confidence: 98%

Bio-Precipitation of Carbonate and Phosphate Minerals Induced by the Bacterium Citrobacter freundii ZW123 in an Anaerobic Environment

Sun

Zhao

et al. 2020

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The vast majority of Fire casualties are caused by smoke production; thus, it is important to reduce the smoke toxicity of the flame‐retardant polymers . The smoke production rate (SPR), total smoke production (TSP), CO production rate (COP), and CO 2 production rate (CO 2 P) plots of EP and its composites are presented in Figure (c–f), and the corresponding data are shown in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel, multifunctional inorganic curing agent and its effect on the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of intrinsically flame retardant epoxy resin

Guo

Wang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traditional curing agents have only a single property, while traditional synthetic organic flame-retardant hardeners often show poor tolerance to oxidants, strongly acidic or alkaline reagents, and organic solvents and have toxicity problems. Here, a novel and multifunctional flame-retardant curing agent of the inorganic substrate multifunctional curing agent of the inorganic substrate (FCIN) was proposed first and successfully prepared, and then an intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy resin (EP) was prepared by covalently incorporating FCIN nanoparticles (FCINs) into the EP. The curing behavior of the FCINs was investigated, showing that FCIN/EP expresses a higher global activation energy than tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)/EP and that the FCINs had strong interfacial adhesion to the EP matrix. Additionally, the FCINs were well dispersed and provided a remarkable improvement in mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the intrinsically flame-retardant EP. With the incorporation of 9 wt % FCINs into the EP, dramatic enhancements in the strength, modulus under bending, and toughness (36%, 109%, and 586%, respectively) were observed, along with 85.2%, 46.4%, 98.3%, and 77.26% decreases in the peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate peak, and total smoke production, respectively, with respect to that of TEPA/EP. The mechanisms of its flame-retardant, smoke-suppression, and failure behaviors were investigated. The development of this unconventional, multifunctional flame-retardant curing agent based on an inorganic substrate showed promise for enabling the preparation of a variety of new high-performance materials (such as intrinsically flame-retardant EP and functional modified polyesters). INTRODUCTIONEpoxy resin (EP), one of the most important thermosetting polymers, has been extensively applied in the fields of composite matrixes, surface coatings, semiconductor packaging, printed circuit boards, adhesives, various electrical devices, and so on, owing to its high heat, solvent, moisture, and chemical resistance and its low shrinkage, strong adhesion to many substrates, and outstanding mechanical stiffness. 1-5 Nevertheless, improving the flame-retardant properties of epoxy polymers still represents a challenge that greatly restricts their applications because they have inherently poor flame-retardant properties and high flammability. Therefore, improving the fire resistance of the EP and its composites is significant and imperative.Although halogen-containing chemicals are the most effective method for improving the flame-retardant properties of EP, they usually release toxic gases and corrosive smoke during combustion, which are detrimental to the environment and human health. 6-9 Therefore, it is very desirable to develop alternative flame retardants for EP. One effective approach for improving the flame-retardant behavior of EP without halogenated compounds adds phosphorus-and nitrogen-containing elements to the substrate or incorporates them into the structure of the materials. [10...

show abstract

“…(b)) becomes relatively rough accompanied by clustering phenomena. Actually, after grafting of hydroxyl groups on APP, there are strong hydrogen‐bonding and ion‐dipole force interactions among molecules or particles, resulting in particle aggregations. The obvious morphological difference provides further direct evidence of the hydroxylation of APP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyl-decorated ammonium polyphosphate as flame retardant reinforcing agent in solvent-free two-component polyurethane

Zhang

Zhou

Su³

et al. 2017

Polym. Int

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite being extensively implemented in research, it remains challenging but highly desirable to develop ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-based polyurethane (PU) combining excellent flame retardancy and improved mechanical properties. Herein, hydroxyl-decorated APP (OH-APP) was successfully fabricated through a facile, green, yet efficient cation exchange reaction with N-methylethanolamine, and utilized as a multifunctional reinforcing agent for solvent-free two-component PU in the curing process. Results demonstrate that the conjugation of OH-APP imparts to the resultant cured PU samples (PU/OH-APP) enhanced fire safety and smoke suppression performance, as evidenced by the considerable decrease in peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate and total smoke production by 75.4, 30.1, 64.3 and 14.4% over those of pure PU. Furthermore, the tensile strength of PU/OH-APP is improved by 66.5%, while the ductility is well maintained, highlighting its promising potential in industrial applications. This work is aimed at opening a new avenue for the development of APP-based PU with outstanding performances through covalent anchoring approaches.

show abstract

Novel Multifunctional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Curing Agent with High Flame-Retardant Efficiency for Epoxy Resin

Cited by 227 publications

References 53 publications

Bio-Precipitation of Carbonate and Phosphate Minerals Induced by the Bacterium Citrobacter freundii ZW123 in an Anaerobic Environment

Bio-Precipitation of Carbonate and Phosphate Minerals Induced by the Bacterium Citrobacter freundii ZW123 in an Anaerobic Environment

Synthesis of a novel, multifunctional inorganic curing agent and its effect on the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of intrinsically flame retardant epoxy resin

Hydroxyl-decorated ammonium polyphosphate as flame retardant reinforcing agent in solvent-free two-component polyurethane

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About