Novel Nanostructured Electrodes Obtained by Pyrolysis of Composite Polymeric Materials

Amato, Letizia; Schulte, Lars; Heiskanen, Arto; Keller, Stephan Sylvest; Ndoni, Sokol; Emnéus, Jenny

doi:10.1002/elan.201400430

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…where ρ is the resistivity (Ω.m), t is the thickness of the film (µm), R is bulk resistance (Ω), R s is the sheet resistance (Ω/square), L is the length along the current direction (m), and W is the width of structure (m). After knowing the sheet resistance and the film thickness, the resistivity (ρ) could be calculated using the equation [18]:…”

Section: Ii4 Measurement Of Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolytic Carbon Electrodes and Their Potential Application in Electrochemical Sensors

Nguyen

Bui²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2022

Comm. in Phys.

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In this work, pyrolytic carbon electrodes were prepared through pyrolysis of well-patterned AZ 1505 positive photoresist films. The designed electrodes firstly were prepared via photolithography technique, then the polymer was thermally broken-down into carbon skeletons in an oxygen-free environment using pyrolysis technique. The effect of the highest temperature and ramping rate on the electrical properties of the carbon films were investigated. The results show that the pyrolysis process was optimal at the ramping rate of 3 °C/minute, annealing temperature of 900 °C, and annealing time of one hour. The lowest resistivity was obtained at 6.3 ´ 10-5 Wm for pyrolytic films prepared at the optimal pyrolysis conditions. Electrochemical measurements confirm the potential of this electrode for electrochemical sensing applications.

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Section: Ii4 Measurement Of Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolytic Carbon Electrodes and Their Potential Application in Electrochemical Sensors

Nguyen

Bui²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2022

Comm. in Phys.

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“…SU-8 is a PF resin (Novolac type), which is extensively used in microfabrication [ 116 ], and is typically patterned using standard UV-(photo)lithography for the purpose of carbonization (see entries 1 to 13 in Table 2 ). UV-lithography is a relatively inexpensive batch fabrication technique [ 12 ] that can be optimized to yield <5 µm critical dimensions [ 104 , 108 ]. For large-area patterning of nano-scale structures, photo-nanoimprint lithography [ 16 ] is more suitable.…”

Section: Glassy Carbon Structures and Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Table 2 and Table 3 , it is evident that electrode fabrication is one of the most common applications of glassy carbon, which has been extended to some fascinating research topics, such as neural stimulation and recording [ 95 , 96 , 97 ] and cell separation on microfluidic platforms [ 105 , 106 ]. These applications also benefit from glassy carbon’s biocompatibility, which is substantiated by successful cell culture on glassy carbon platforms [ 108 , 109 , 110 ].…”

Section: Glassy Carbon Structures and Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glassy Carbon: A Promising Material for Micro- and Nanomanufacturing

Sharma

2018

Materials

123

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When certain polymers are heat-treated beyond their degradation temperature in the absence of oxygen, they pass through a semi-solid phase, followed by the loss of heteroatoms and the formation of a solid carbon material composed of a three-dimensional graphenic network, known as glassy (or glass-like) carbon. The thermochemical decomposition of polymers, or generally of any organic material, is defined as pyrolysis. Glassy carbon is used in various large-scale industrial applications and has proven its versatility in miniaturized devices. In this article, micro and nano-scale glassy carbon devices manufactured by (i) pyrolysis of specialized pre-patterned polymers and (ii) direct machining or etching of glassy carbon, with their respective applications, are reviewed. The prospects of the use of glassy carbon in the next-generation devices based on the material’s history and development, distinct features compared to other elemental carbon forms, and some large-scale processes that paved the way to the state-of-the-art, are evaluated. Selected support techniques such as the methods used for surface modification, and major characterization tools are briefly discussed. Barring historical aspects, this review mainly covers the advances in glassy carbon device research from the last five years (2013–2018). The goal is to provide a common platform to carbon material scientists, micro/nanomanufacturing experts, and microsystem engineers to stimulate glassy carbon device research.

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“…In the recent past, carbon has gained considerable attention as a neural electrode material owing to its inertness and biocompatibility, ability to serve as multimodal platform for recording, stimulation, and neurotransmitter detection . Various sp 2 ‐rich carbon materials are cytocompatible, corrosion resistant, electrically conductive, and electrochemically stable . Carbon‐based ECoG electrodes have been successfully tested as multimodal electrode material utilizing graphene flakes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), glassy carbon, and carbon fibers (CFs) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Bioelectronic Devices Based on Micropatterned Monolithic Carbon Fiber Mats

Vomero

Gueli

Zucchini

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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Polymer‐derived carbon can serve as an electrode material in multimodal neural stimulation, recording, and neurotransmitter sensing platforms. The primary challenge in its applicability in implantable, flexible neural devices is its characteristic mechanical hardness that renders it difficult to fabricate the entire device using only carbon. A microfabrication technique is introduced for patterning flexible, cloth‐like, polymer‐derived carbon fiber (CF) mats embedded in polyimide (PI), via selective reactive ion etching. This scalable, monolithic manufacturing method eliminates any joints or metal interconnects and creates electrocorticography electrode arrays based on a single CF mat. The batch‐fabricated CF/PI composite structures, with critical dimension of 12.5 µm, are tested for their mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical stability, as well as to chemicals that mimic acute postsurgery inflammatory reactions. Their recording performance is validated in rat models. Reported CF patterning process can benefit various carbon microdevices that are expected to feature flexibility, material stability, and biocompatibility.

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Novel Nanostructured Electrodes Obtained by Pyrolysis of Composite Polymeric Materials

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Pyrolytic Carbon Electrodes and Their Potential Application in Electrochemical Sensors

Pyrolytic Carbon Electrodes and Their Potential Application in Electrochemical Sensors

Glassy Carbon: A Promising Material for Micro- and Nanomanufacturing

Flexible Bioelectronic Devices Based on Micropatterned Monolithic Carbon Fiber Mats

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