“…Currently, the interactions between DNA chains (aptamers) and nanozymes have been applied to establish biosensors for the monitoring of various health risk factors, including antibiotics, 59,62,65,76,84,91 toxins, 56,69,80,100,103,131,132 pesticide residues, 90,97 and pathogens and viruses. 51,63,66,[93][94][95]133 The emergence and application of antibiotics is a major revolution in the history of human medicine. However, with the widespread use of antibiotics, including medical antibiotics and antibiotics for animals, new problems that seriously threaten human health have soon emerged.…”