In this paper, an adaptive double feedback fuzzy neural fractional order sliding control approach is presented to solve the problem that lumped parameter uncertainties cannot be measured and the parameters are unknown in a micro gyroscope system. Firstly, a fractional order sliding surface is designed, and the fractional order terms can provide additional freedom and improve the control accuracy. Then, the upper bound of lumped nonlinearities is estimated online using a double feedback fuzzy neural network. Accordingly, the gain of switching law is replaced by the estimated value. Meanwhile, the parameters of the double feedback fuzzy network, including base widths, centers, output layer weights, inner gains, and outer gains, can be adjusted in real time in order to improve the stability and identification efficiency. Finally, the simulation results display the performance of the proposed approach in terms of convergence speed and track speed.