Novel nonlinear-modulation acoustic technique for crack detection

Zaitsev, Vladimir Yu.; Назаров, В. Е.; Gusev, V.; Castagnède, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2005.07.007

Cited by 112 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Linear ultrasonic methods, which measure wave velocity, wave attenuation, and impact echo, are conventional ultrasonic methods and have been widely used to evaluate damaged concrete, particularly firedamaged concrete (Chaix et al 2003;Colombo and Felicetti 2007;Dilek and Leming 2007;Epasto et al 2010;Kee and Nam 2015;Yang et al 2009). However, these linear methods exhibit lower sensitivity to distributed defects and contacttype defects at the micro-scale (Jhang 2009;Park et al 2015) compared to nonlinear ultrasonic methods, which are more sensitive to early-stage micro-scale defects as these defects cause nonlinear behavior of an incident wave (Zaitsev et al 2006). To investigate this phenomenon in concrete, Chen et al (2010) performed an experiment to characterize microscale defects induced by an alkali-silica reaction by using a nonlinear impact resonance acoustic spectroscopy technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Fire-Damaged Concrete: An Experimental Analysis based on Destructive and Nondestructive Methods

Park

Yim

2017

Int J Concr Struct Mater

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Fire damage to concrete causes contact-type defects that degrade its durability through impaired mechanical properties. Various nondestructive tests are used to evaluate defects induced by fire damage. Recently, nonlinear ultrasonic methods such as the nonlinear resonance vibration method and nonlinear modulation method have been introduced. These nonlinear methods are more sensitive to fire-induced contact-type defects than the linear ultrasonic method. This study involved an experimental analysis of the residual material properties of fire-damaged concrete, specifically, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and static elastic modulus. The residual material properties of 116 cylindrical concrete samples with various mix proportions and subjected to various heating temperatures were measured by a destructive method, and their nonlinearity parameters were measured by two nonlinear ultrasonic methods. Through regression analysis, correlated relationships that can facilitate the prediction of residual material properties of fire-damaged concrete using measured nonlinearity parameters were identified. In addition, the effect of fire damage on the mechanical strength of concrete was investigated by comparison with the relationships for undamaged concrete, and relationships for the evaluation of fire-damaged concrete were identified through regression analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Fire-Damaged Concrete: An Experimental Analysis based on Destructive and Nondestructive Methods

Park

Yim

2017

Int J Concr Struct Mater

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“…It has been widely demonstrated that nonlinear ultrasonic techniques can be successfully deployed for detecting cracks as well as distributed structural deterioration (e.g. fatigue) [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. The success of the developed methods is based on predicting and measuring the nonlinearities-induced wave effects which are pronounced in damaged and degraded structures but nearly un-measurable in the undamaged ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Guided Wave Interaction Effects With Localised Structural Nonlinearities in Complex, Composite Structures

Thierry¹,

Chronopoulos²,

Ashcroft³

2017

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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Abstract. The extensive usage of composite materials in modern industrial applications implies a great range of possible structural failure modes for which the structure has to be frequently and thoroughly inspected. Nonlinear guided wave inspection techniques have been continuously gaining attention during the last decade. This is primarily due to their sensitivity to very small sizes of localized damage. A number of complex transformation phenomena take place when an elastic wave impinges on a nonlinear segment, including the generation of higher and sub-harmonics. Moreover, the transmission and reflection coefficients of each wave type become amplitude dependent. In this work, a generic Finite Element (FE) based computational scheme is presented for quantifying guided wave interaction effects with Localized Structural Nonlinearities (LSN) within structures of arbitrary layering and geometric complexity. Amplitude dependent guided wave reflection, transmission and conversion is computed through a Wave and Finite Element (WFE) method. The scheme couples wave propagation properties within linear structural waveguides to a LSN and is able to compute the generation of higher and sub-harmonics for each wave type through a harmonic balance projection. A Newton-like iteration scheme is employed for solving the system of nonlinear differential equations. Numerical case studies are exhibited for a set of waveguides coupled through a joint exhibiting nonlinear mechanical behaviour.

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“…It is predicted that these advanced techniques can contribute a great deal to the improvement and refinement of defectoscopic and testing methods in the building-industry practice. 2,3 In this article, we focused on one type of the NUS methods -NUS with a single harmonic excitation ultrasonic signal. This method was used in the experimental part.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the nonlinearity effect is not entirely symmetrical, there can be changes in the amplitudes. [3][4][5] The second method used for the corrosion monitoring was the impact-echo method. It is based on the acoustic properties of a material, which depend on its condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities of NUS and Impact-Echo methods for monitoring steel corrosion in concrete

Timčaková-Šamárková¹,

Matysík²,

Chobola³

2016

Mater. Tehnol.

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The corrosion of steel elements in reinforced concrete can cause considerable damage to civil-engineering structures. Early detection of rust is therefore very important. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the possibility of using nonlinear ultrasonic spectroscopy with a single exciting harmonic frequency and the impact-echo method for monitoring the corrosion of concrete-covered steel. For the research we manufactured concrete beams, reinforced with a standard reinforcing-steel bar passing through their centre. After concrete curing and drying, the samples were exposed to a 20 % carbon dioxide atmosphere. After the concrete pH decreased below 9.6 throughout the sample volume, the samples were immersed into a 5 % water solution of NaCl and subsequently placed into a drying oven. Measurements were carried out before the carbonation of the concrete, after it, and then after every 20th cycle of the accelerated degradation by chlorides. Nonlinear-ultrasonic-spectroscopy (NUS) methods are based on the fact that crack-induced nonlinearity makes a sensitive material-impairment indicator. The impact-echo method uses short-time mechanical impulses applied to the surface of a test sample, producing elastic waves. These waves spread throughout the sample and reflect from the surface but also from the microcracks and unobservable defects inside the sample. To verify the correctness of the NUS and impact-echo-method results, additional measurements were carried out (a confocal scanning microscope). It was proved that both methods could be used for monitoring the corrosion of concrete-covered steel. Keywords: impact-echo, reinforced concrete, nonlinear ultrasonic spectroscopy, steel corrosion, confocal microscopy Korozija jeklenih elementov v oja~anem betonu lahko povzro~i ob~utne po{kodbe v zgradbah. Zgodnje odkrivanje rje je zato zelo pomembno. Namen tega~lanka je oceniti mo`nosti uporabe nelinearne ultrazvo~ne spektroskopije z vzbujajo~o harmoni~no frekvenco in metodo udarec-odmev za kontrolo korozije jekla, pokritega z betonom. Za preiskavo so bili izdelani betonski stebri, ki so bili oja~ani s standardno rebri~asto jekleno palico, name{~eno po sredini stebra. Po strjevanju in su{enju betona so bili vzorci izpostavljeni atmosferi 20 % ogljikovega dioksida. Ko se je pH betona zmanj{al pod 9.6 po vsem volumnu vzorca, so bili vzorci potopljeni v 5 % vodno raztopino NaCl in nato name{~eni v pe~za su{enje. Meritve so bile izvedene pred karbonacijo betona, po njej in nato po vsakem 20 ciklu pospe{ene degradacije s kloridi. Metode nelinearne ultrazvo~ne spektroskopije (NUS) temeljijo na dejstvu, da zaradi razpoke povzro~ena nelinearnost povzro~i indikator oslabitve materiala. Metoda udarec-odmev uporablja kratkotrajne mehanske udarce na povr{ini preizku{anca, kar povzro~i elasti~ne valove. Ti valovi se {irijo skozi vzorec in se odbijajo od povr{ine in tudi od mikrorazpok in nevidnih napak znotraj vzorca. Za preverjanje pravilnosti rezultatov metode NUS in metode udarec-odmev so bile opravljene dodatne meritve s konfokalnim vrs...

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Novel nonlinear-modulation acoustic technique for crack detection

Cited by 112 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of Fire-Damaged Concrete: An Experimental Analysis based on Destructive and Nondestructive Methods

Evaluation of Fire-Damaged Concrete: An Experimental Analysis based on Destructive and Nondestructive Methods

Quantification of Guided Wave Interaction Effects With Localised Structural Nonlinearities in Complex, Composite Structures

Possibilities of NUS and Impact-Echo methods for monitoring steel corrosion in concrete

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