Novel Options to Counteract Oral Biofilm Formation: In Vitro Evidence

Odorici, Alessandra; Colombari, Bruna; Bellini, Pierantonio; Meto, Aida; Venturelli, Irene; Blasi, Elisabetta

doi:10.3390/ijerph19138056

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Kupnik et al described the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts, including Punica granatum L. [ 34 ]. Recently, we have provided initial evidence on the ability of PomeGr to affect biofilm formation by both fungal and bacterial cells [ 25 ]. To better understand the phenomenon, here, we demonstrate that PomeGr exerts anti- Candida activity in a dose-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pomegranate Extract Affects Fungal Biofilm Production: Consumption of Phenolic Compounds and Alteration of Fungal Autoinducers Release

Colombari

Tagliazucchi

Odorici

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Candida albicans expresses numerous virulence factors that contribute to pathogenesis, including its dimorphic transition and even biofilm formation, through the release of specific quorum sensing molecules, such as the autoinducers (AI) tyrosol and farnesol. In particular, once organized as biofilm, Candida cells can elude conventional antifungal therapies and the host’s immune defenses as well. Accordingly, biofilm-associated infections become a major clinical challenge underlining the need of innovative antimicrobial approaches. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PomeGr) on C. albicans growth and biofilm formation; in addition, the release of tyrosol and farnesol was investigated. The phenolic profile of PomeGr was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analysis before and after exposure to C. albicans. Here, we showed that fungal growth, biofilm formation and AI release were altered by PomeGr treatment. Moreover, the phenolic content of PomeGr was substantially hampered upon exposure to fungal cells; particularly pedunculagin, punicalin, punicalagin, granatin, di-(HHDP-galloyl-hexoside)-pentoside and their isomers as well as ellagic acid–hexoside appeared highly consumed, suggesting their role as bioactive molecules against Candida. Overall, these new insights on the anti-Candida properties of PomeGr and its potential mechanisms of action may represent a relevant step in the design of novel therapeutic approaches against fungal infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 23 , 24 ]. Recently, we provided initial evidence on the efficacy of PomeGr against biofilm production by C. albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pomegranate Extract Affects Fungal Biofilm Production: Consumption of Phenolic Compounds and Alteration of Fungal Autoinducers Release

Colombari

Tagliazucchi

Odorici

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Dental caries management philosophy has shifted to minimally invasive dentistry [ 35 , 36 ]. Thus, different bioactive materials, such as biomimetic hydroxyapatite and peptide-based bioactive materials, are introduced to caries management [ 37 , 38 ]. Peptide-based bioactive materials play an important role in inhibiting biofilm growth and remineralising demineralised teeth [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Properties of the Antimicrobial Peptide Gallic Acid-Polyphemusin I (GAPI)

Zhang,

Niu,

Yin

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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A novel antimicrobial peptide, GAPI, has been developed recently by grafting gallic acid (GA) to polyphemusin I (PI). The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of GAPI on common oral pathogens. This laboratory study used minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations to assess the antimicrobial properties of GAPI against common oral pathogens. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the bacterial morphology both before and after GAPI treatment. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 20 μM (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) to 320 μM (Porphyromonas gingivalis), whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 80 μM (Lactobacillus acidophilus) to 640 μM (Actinomyces naeslundii, Enterococcus faecalis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis). Transmission electron microscopy showed abnormal curvature of cell membranes, irregular cell shapes, leakage of cytoplasmic content, and disruption of cytoplasmic membranes and cell walls. In conclusion, the GAPI antimicrobial peptide is antibacterial to common oral pathogens, with the potential to be used to manage oral infections.

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“…In the dental field, hydroxyapatite is often focused on enamel remineralization rather than its effect on oral bacteria. However, recent in vitro studies have shown that toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite reduces saliva's oral bacterial counts and biofilm levels [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effect of Adsorption of Streptococcus mutans onto Scallop-Derived Hydroxyapatite

Usuda

Kametani

Hamada

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Hydroxyapatite adsorbs various substances, but little is known about the effects on oral bacteria of adsorption onto hydroxyapatite derived from scallop shells. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of adsorption of Streptococcus mutans onto scallop-derived hydroxyapatite. When scallop-derived hydroxyapatite was mixed with S. mutans, a high proportion of the bacterial cells adsorbed onto the hydroxyapatite in a time-dependent manner. An RNA sequencing analysis of S. mutans adsorbed onto hydroxyapatite showed that the upregulation of genes resulted in abnormalities in pathways involved in glycogen and histidine metabolism and biosynthesis compared with cells in the absence of hydroxyapatite. S. mutans adsorbed onto hydroxyapatite was not killed, but the growth of the bacteria was inhibited. Electron microscopy showed morphological changes in S. mutans cells adsorbed onto hydroxyapatite. Our results suggest that hydroxyapatite derived from scallop shells showed a high adsorption ability for S. mutans. This hydroxyapatite also caused changes in gene expression related to the metabolic and biosynthetic processes, including the glycogen and histidine of S. mutans, which may result in a morphological change in the surface layer and the inhibition of the growth of the bacteria.

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Novel Options to Counteract Oral Biofilm Formation: In Vitro Evidence

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Pomegranate Extract Affects Fungal Biofilm Production: Consumption of Phenolic Compounds and Alteration of Fungal Autoinducers Release

Pomegranate Extract Affects Fungal Biofilm Production: Consumption of Phenolic Compounds and Alteration of Fungal Autoinducers Release

Antibacterial Properties of the Antimicrobial Peptide Gallic Acid-Polyphemusin I (GAPI)

Inhibitory Effect of Adsorption of Streptococcus mutans onto Scallop-Derived Hydroxyapatite

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