Novel Osteogenic Behaviors around Hydrophilic and Radical-Free 4-META/MMA-TBB: Implications of an Osseointegrating Bone Cement

Sugita, Yoshihiko; Okubo, Takahisa; Saita, Makiko; Ishijima, Manabu; Torii, Yasuyoshi; Tanaka, Miyuki; Iwasaki, Chika; Sekiya, Takeo; Tabuchi, Masako; Rezaei, Naser Mohammadzadeh; Taniyama, Takashi; Sato, Nobuaki; Saruta, Juri; Hasegawa, Masakazu; Hirota, Makoto; Park, Won-Hee; Lee, Masaichi Chang-il; Maeda, Hideaki; Ogawa, Takahiro

doi:10.3390/ijms21072405

Cited by 18 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The hydrophilicity of the materials has been related to increased adhesion of osteoblasts to the surface, which promotes osteogenesis [ 40 , 41 ]. Besides, some studies suggest that the presence of more hydrophilic surfaces in PMMA favors antimicrobial activity owing to the formation of a hydration layer that can bind to the surrounding water and generate a physical and energetic barrier that prevents microbial adhesion [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylic Bone Cements Modified with Graphene Oxide: Mechanical, Physical, and Antibacterial Properties

et al. 2020

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Bacterial infections are a common complication after total joint replacements (TJRs), the treatment of which is usually based on the application of antibiotic-loaded cements; however, owing to the increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, the possibility of studying new antibacterial agents in acrylic bone cements (ABCs) is open. In this study, the antibacterial effect of formulations of ABCs loaded with graphene oxide (GO) between 0 and 0.5 wt.% was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative ones: Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. It was found that the effect of GO was dependent on the concentration and type of bacteria: GO loadings ≥0.2 wt.% presented total inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria, while GO loadings ≥0.3 wt.% was necessary to achieve the same effect with Gram-positives bacteria. Additionally, the evaluation of some physical and mechanical properties showed that the presence of GO in cement formulations increased wettability by 17%, reduced maximum temperature during polymerization by 19%, increased setting time by 40%, and increased compressive and flexural mechanical properties by up to 17%, all of which are desirable behaviors in ABCs. The formulation of ABC loading with 0.3 wt.% GO showed great potential for use as a bone cement with antibacterial properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylic Bone Cements Modified with Graphene Oxide: Mechanical, Physical, and Antibacterial Properties

et al. 2020

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“…However, no definitive correlation was found between the degree of hydrophilicity and the number of cells. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of hydrophilicity has rarely been studied on bone cement materials [27]. Making hydrophilic PMMA-based materials is challenging in the first place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although radical or non-radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important components in various metabolic activities in the human body, they are harmful and trigger inflammatory reactions and functional damages at the cellular and tissue levels [24][25][26], once it is overproduced or when an imbalance between the ROS and antioxidant redox system is triggered. Specifically, free radicals and oxidative stress derived from bone cements lead to a significant reduction in the cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts [25][26][27][28][29][30]. To mitigate this problem, an effective measure was introduced to neutralize free radicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of TBB, as an Initiator, on the Biological Compatibility of PMMA/MMA Bone Cement

Hamajima

Ozawa

Saruta

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Acrylic bone cement is widely used in orthopedic surgery for treating various conditions of the bone and joints. Bone cement consists of methyl methacrylate (MMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO), functioning as a liquid monomer, solid phase, and polymerization initiator, respectively. However, cell and tissue toxicity caused by bone cement has been a concern. This study aimed to determine the effect of tri-n-butyl borane (TBB) as an initiator on the biocompatibility of bone cement. Rat spine bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on two commercially available PMMA-BPO bone cements and a PMMA-TBB experimental material. After a 24-h incubation, more cells survived on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. Cytomorphometry showed that the area of cell spread was greater on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression, and matrix mineralization showed that the osteoblastic differentiation was substantially advanced on the PMMA-TBB. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that polymerization radical production within the PMMA-TBB was 1/15–1/20 of that within the PMMA-BPO. Thus, the use of TBB as an initiator, improved the biocompatibility and physicochemical properties of the PMMA-based material.

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“…This explains why toxicity remains even after changing culture media every three days on PMMA-BPO cements. Hypothetical chemical structures have been proposed for PMMA-BPO and PMMA-TBB cements, but the exact mechanism during polymerization is unknown for both materials [ 19 , 20 , 30 , 46 ]. Further studies are required to identify the mechanism behind the remarkably reduced production of radicals in PMMA-TBB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Post-Polymerization Biocompatibility of Polymethylmethacrylate-Tri-n-Butylborane (PMMA-TBB) Bone Cement

et al. 2021

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Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based acrylic bone cement is commonly used to fix bone and metallic implants in orthopedic procedures. The polymerization initiator tri-n-butylborane (TBB) has been reported to significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of PMMA-based bone cement compared to benzoyl peroxide (BPO). However, it is unknown whether this benefit is temporary or long-lasting, which is important to establish given that bone cement is expected to remain in situ permanently. Here, we compared the biocompatibility of PMMA-TBB and PMMA-BPO bone cements over several days. Rat femur-derived osteoblasts were seeded onto two commercially-available PMMA-BPO bone cements and experimental PMMA-TBB polymerized for one day, three days, or seven days. Significantly more cells attached to PMMA-TBB bone cement during the initial stages of culture than on both PMMA-BPO cements, regardless of the age of the materials. Proliferative activity and differentiation markers including alkaline phosphatase production, calcium deposition, and osteogenic gene expression were consistently and considerably higher in cells grown on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO, regardless of cement age. Although osteoblastic phenotypes were more favorable on older specimens for all three cement types, biocompatibility increased between three-day-old and seven-day-old PMMA-BPO specimens, and between one-day-old and three-day-old PMMA-TBB specimens. PMMA-BPO materials produced more free radicals than PMMA-TBB regardless of the age of the material. These data suggest that PMMA-TBB maintains superior biocompatibility over PMMA-BPO bone cements over prolonged periods of at least seven days post-polymerization. This superior biocompatibility can be ascribed to both low baseline cytotoxicity and a further rapid reduction in cytotoxicity, representing a new biological advantage of PMMA-TBB as a novel bone cement material.

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Novel Osteogenic Behaviors around Hydrophilic and Radical-Free 4-META/MMA-TBB: Implications of an Osseointegrating Bone Cement

Cited by 18 publications

References 72 publications

Acrylic Bone Cements Modified with Graphene Oxide: Mechanical, Physical, and Antibacterial Properties

Acrylic Bone Cements Modified with Graphene Oxide: Mechanical, Physical, and Antibacterial Properties

The Effect of TBB, as an Initiator, on the Biological Compatibility of PMMA/MMA Bone Cement

Prolonged Post-Polymerization Biocompatibility of Polymethylmethacrylate-Tri-n-Butylborane (PMMA-TBB) Bone Cement

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