Novel Perforating Job Design Triples Well Productivity

Mustafa, Hanaey Dandarawy; Balushi, Sameer; Salsman, Alan Dean; Nunez, Alvaro Javier; Situmorange, Haposan

doi:10.2118/119639-ms

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Lee and Sidle (2010) showed that values of b equal to or greater than unity can cause the reserves to have physically unreasonable properties. To avoid this drawback, "stretched-exponential" models have been proposed recently (Valkó 2009;Ilk et al 2008Ilk et al , 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate-Decline Analysis for Fracture-Dominated Shale Reservoirs

Duong

2011

SPE Reservoir Evaluation &Amp; Engineering

261

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Traditional decline methods such as Arps' rate/time relations and their variations do not work for wells producing from supertight or shale reservoirs in which fracture flow is dominant. Most of the production data from these wells exhibit fracture-dominated flow regimes and rarely reach late-time flow regimes, even over several years of production. Without the presence of pseudoradial and boundary-dominated flows (BDFs), neither matrix permeability nor drainage area can be established. This indicates that matrix contribution is negligible compared with fracture contribution, and the expected ultimate recovery (EUR) cannot be based on a traditional concept of drainage area. An alternative approach is proposed to estimate EUR from wells in which fracture flow is dominant and matrix contribution is negligible. To support these fracture flows, the connected fracture density of the fractured area must increase over time. This increase is possible because of local stress changes under fracture depletion. Pressure depletion within fracture networks would reactivate the existing faults or fractures, which may breach the hydraulic integrity of the shale that seals these features. If these faults or fractures are reactivated, their permeabilities will increase, facilitating enhanced fluid migration. For fracture flows at a constant flowing bottomhole pressure, a log-log plot of rate over cumulative production vs. time will yield a straight line with a unity slope regardless of fracture types. In practice, a slope of greater than unity is normally observed because of actual field operations, data approximation, and flow-regime changes. A rate/ time or cumulative production/time relationship can be established on the basis of the intercept and slope values of this log-log plot and initial gas rate. Field examples from several supertight and shale gas plays for both dry and high-liquid gas production, and for oil production were used to test the new model. All display the predicted straightline trend, with its slope and intercept related to reservoir types. In other words, a certain fractured flow regime or a combination of flow types that dominate a given area or play because of its reservoir-rock characteristics and/or fracture-stimulation practices all produce a narrow range of intercepts and slopes. An individualwell performance or EUR can be derived that is based on this range if the best 3-month average or the initial production rate of the well is already known or estimated. The results show that this alternative approach is easier to use, gives a reliable EUR, and can be used to replace the traditional decline methods for unconventional reservoirs. The new approach is also able to provide statistical methods to analyze production forecasts of resource plays and to establish a range of results of these forecasts, including probability distributions of reserves in terms of P90 (lower side) to P10 (higher side).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate-Decline Analysis for Fracture-Dominated Shale Reservoirs

Duong

2011

SPE Reservoir Evaluation &Amp; Engineering

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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A Tait-like Equation for Estimating the Density of Nontraditional Super Lightweight Completion Fluid at High Pressure and Temperature

Khalil

Jan

Raman

2013

Petroleum Science and Technology

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Novel nontraditional super lightweight completion fluid (SLWCF) has been proven to be the best means to ensure the success of underbalance perforation. Field test showed that the application of this new fluid has improved the well productivity. The authors present density measurements of SLWCF at high pressure and temperature. Density values of the fluid were measured in laboratory at high temperature ranging from 313.15 to 393.15 K, and pressure up to 25 MPa. Measured densities were fitted to a Tait-like equation. Calculated absolute average deviation, the maximum deviation, bias, and standard deviation values show that the developed model can be used to express the fluid density over a wide range of pressure and temperature. In addition, density value predicted by a Tait-like equation shows a good agreement both with laboratory and field data.

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Overcoming Near Wellbore Damage Induced Flow Impairment with Improved Perforation Job Design and Execution Methods

Mustafa¹,

Harrasi²,

Salsman

et al. 2009

All Days

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Optimal well productivity is achieved by establishing a clean connection to the wellbore through the near wellbore zone of drilling and completion induced permeability impairment commonly referred to as the "near wellbore damaged zone". This connection through the damaged zone is usually achieved by perforating and the effectiveness of this connection is the result of the perforating system selection, the well environment in which the perforating job is executed and what happens to the perforations after shooting and before they are used for production or injection. In the depleted oil field under study a typical completion is perforated using large diameter, high shot density tubing conveyed (TCP) guns with deep penetrating charges shot underbalanced using the classic "shoot and pull" technique. After shooting, before the guns are pulled, the well is killed. Perforation and kill related damage severely impacts these wells leading to high skin and rapid production decline. The challenge in this field is to identify the most effective perforating system and job execution method to achieve good well productivity over an extended period of time. Modeling software is utilized to predict the Productivity Ratio (PR) for different perforating systems considering gun size, charge type, shot density, reservoir characteristics and the well conditions at the time of shooting. The optimal gun system is run with gas lift on to establish underbalance conditions at the time of shooting for immediate perforation clean-up. The under balance just prior to the time of shooting is managed using a permanent down hole gauge installed in the completion string. The first well completed using this new method showed improved production of 4 times what was expected compared to similar wells in the field perforated using the shoot, pull and kill technique. Additional wells perforated using this technique show similar, higher than expected, results. This paper reviews the job design criteria, job execution requirements and an evaluation of the results for several wells in this field. Total job costs will also be evaluated. The result of this novel perforating technique is a new completion strategy for oil fields in Oman improving overall well performance. Introduction A key element of how productive a well will be is the effectiveness of the perforations. The perforation creates the path for the formation fluid to flow from reservoir to the wellbore. When the perforations are left damaged or plugged inflow will suffer over the life of the well. The quality of the perforation job design and execution is a major consideration in any completion program.

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Novel Perforating Job Design Triples Well Productivity

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Rate-Decline Analysis for Fracture-Dominated Shale Reservoirs

Rate-Decline Analysis for Fracture-Dominated Shale Reservoirs

A Tait-like Equation for Estimating the Density of Nontraditional Super Lightweight Completion Fluid at High Pressure and Temperature

Overcoming Near Wellbore Damage Induced Flow Impairment with Improved Perforation Job Design and Execution Methods

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