Novel Pharmacological Approaches to the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Low-molecular-weight fucoidan protects endothelial function and ameliorates basal hypertension in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats

“…8,[11][12][13] Here, we showed the protective effect of LMWF on vascular endothelial function through its maintenance of eNOS function and NO production in diabetic GK rats. LMWF also possesses additional beneficial effects such as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and appears to be a safer treatment option.…”

“…10,11 Therefore, improvement of NO-related function represents a valuable pharmacological target for protecting endothelium and reducing the incidence of cardiovascular complication in diabetes patients. 11,12 It is recognized that employing a single therapy to address hyperglycemia, hyperlipidaemia, or insulin resistance is not sufficient to protect against diabetic endothelial impairment and cardiovascular complications in diabetes patients. Alternatively, the addition of certain antioxidants, L-arginine, or protein kinase C-inhibitors has been demonstrated to show additive benefits on endothelial function and cardiovascular protection.…”

“…Alternatively, the addition of certain antioxidants, L-arginine, or protein kinase C-inhibitors has been demonstrated to show additive benefits on endothelial function and cardiovascular protection. 8,[11][12][13] Fucoidan represents a family of L-fucose-enriched sulfated polysaccharides extracted from ubiquitous brown seaweed. This botanical polymer shares chemical analogies with heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide of animal origin, but exhibits lower anticoagulant activity.…”

Promising pharmacological targets for the treatment of the diseases associated with the impaired insulin receptor signaling pathway

“…В настоящее время спектр препаратов для лече-ния СД составляют следующие группы: препараты инсулина, препараты сульфонилмочевины (глибен-кламид, глипизид, гликлазид, глимепирид), стиму-ляторы постпрандиальной секреции инсулина (ре-паглинид, натеглинид), агонисты глюкагоноподоб-ного пептида-1 (ГПП-1) (эксенатид, лираглутид), ингибиторы дипептидилпептидазы-4 (ДПП-4) (си-таглиптин, вилдаглиптин, саксаглиптин), бигуани-ды (метформин), агонисты γ-рецепторов, активиру-ющих пролиферацию пероксисом (PPARγ) (роси-глитазон, пиоглитазон), ингибиторы α-глюкозидазы (акарбоза, миглитол), ингибиторы натрийглюкоз-ного котранспортера 2-го типа (дапаглифлозин) [2,4,6,8].…”

Antihyperglycemic Studies on the Leaf Extract and Active Fractions of <i>Newbouldia laevis</i> (Bignoniaceae)

“…This dramatic increase is noted to be more in developing countries particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia [5] as a result of on-going quest in adopting "western life style" and diet. The currently available orthodox medicines to control hyperglycemia in DM management include: "insulins, insulin secretagogues (sulfonylureas, meglitinides), insulin sensitizers (biguanides, thiazolidinedione), agents that enhance incretin secretion and action (incretin analogues, incretin mimetics, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors), agents that decrease gastrointestinal glucose absorption (alpha glucosidase inhibitors, alpha amylase inhibitors, sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT-1) selective inhibitors), agents that promote renal glucose excretion (sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT-2) inhibitors) and others (amylin analogue, bile acid sequesterants, bromocriptine) [6]- [8]. Despite the knowledge of the pathological processes involved in causation/progression of the disease and the wide range of therapeutic agents designed to fight hyperglycemia, the statistical projections are still alarming and the stability of communities is being threatened.…”