Novel Photonic Bio-Chip Sensor Based on Strained Graphene Sheets for Blood Cell Sorting

Abstract

A photonic biochip with a tunable response in the visible range is suggested for blood cell sorting applications. Multi-layers of ZnS and Ge slabs (as the main building blocks), hosting a cell in which bio-sample could be injected, are considered as the core of the sensor. In order to increase the sensitivity of the chip, the bio-cell is capsulated inside air slabs, and its walls are coated with graphene sheets. Paying special attention to white and red blood components, the optimum values for structural parameters are extracted first. Tunability of the sensor detectivity is then explored by finding the role of the probe light incident angle, as well as its polarization. The strain of the graphene layer and angle in which it is applied are also suggested to further improve the performance tunability. Results reflect that the biochip can effectively identify selected components through their induced different optical features, besides of the different figure of merit and sensitivity amounts that are recorded for them by the sensor.

One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with a Defect Layer Utilized as an Optical Filter in Narrow Linewidth LED-Based Sources

“…When compatible defects are introduced in the structure, defect modes appear within the PBG, and the 1DPhCs thus represent an electromagnetic counterpart of semiconductor crystals with many promising applications. These include optical filters [2][3][4][5][6], along with tunable ones [7][8][9][10][11][12], lasers [13], light-emitting diodes [14], active cavities [15], including optical field enhanced nonlinear absorption [16], optical sensors [17][18][19], fiber-optic sensors [20], humidity sensors [21], gas sensors [22][23][24][25], and photonic biosensors [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In addition, alternative designs to the 1DPhC-based optical filters are represented by the 2DPhC-based ones [33][34][35].…”

“…TPs represent waves at the interface between a metal and a 1DPhC, and this concept has a number of sensing applications [55][56][57][58][59]. Defect modes are related to all-dielectric 1DPhCs with defect layers or optical cavities [2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. A defect layer introduced in the 1DPhC permits the existence of defect states that are characterized by strong confinement of light in the resonant cavity.…”

Distributed Bragg Reflectors Employed in Sensors and Filters Based on Cavity-Mode Spectral-Domain Resonances

“…Complex dielectric structures [ 1 ] such as one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPhCs) or distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) have attracted enormous interest in research of various topics and applications, such as omnidirectional reflectors [ 2 ], polarization selectors [ 3 ], optical filters [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], and optical sensors, including Bloch surface wave (BSW) based sensors [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], Tamm plasmon (TP)-based sensors [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], gas sensors [ 15 , 26 , 27 ], and photonic biosensors [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

“…Most importantly, a direct free-space excitation of BSWs is not possible, contrary to TPs [ 20 ], as states of a 1DPhC within the band gap at the interface between a metal and the 1DPhC exist. This concept, which has been extensively studied and utilized [ 21 , 42 , 43 ], can also be extended to all-dielectric 1DPhC-based sensors employing defects or optical cavities [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 44 ], characterized by a strong confinement of light in the resonant cavity, which is manifested by very narrow resonances at the normal incidence of light both in transmission and reflection. These resonances exist within the wavelength range of the band gap and correspond to localized modes in the defect, for which its introduction in 1DPhC permits defect states.…”

Pure Graphene Oxide Vertical p–n Junction with Remarkable Rectification Effect

“…As graphene (an atomically thin hexagonal lattice) has electrical characteristics such as high mobility of charge carriers [1,2] and high conductivity [2,3], while the p-n junction is the basic composition of various electronic devices, graphene-based p-n junctions have shown potential for a variety of applications, including low-power integrated circuits [4,5], energy conversion and storage [6,7], sensors [8,9], optical devices [10][11][12], solid state solar cells [13,14], and other fields. Both graphene p-n junctions and heterojunctions have demonstrated the rectification effect [15,16].…”