Beam pumper is the earliest and most popular rod pumper driven by surface dynamic transmission devices. Drawing on modern theories and methods of industrial model design, the model optimization of beam pumper could promote the diversity, serialization, standardization, generalization, precision balance, and energy reduction of beam pumper design. Therefore, this study tries to optimize the model of beam pumper based on a neural network. Specifically, the system efficiency of beam pumper was decomposed, the surface and downhole working efficiencies were analyzed, and the model optimization flow was explained for beam pumper. Then, a radial basis function (RBF) neural network was established and trained by the sample data on beam pumper model. Besides, the mapping between model parameters and the optimization objective (system efficiency) was constructed. Moreover, the authors summed up the model optimization contents of beam pumper and predicted the relevant parameters of model optimization. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.