Novel phytoplasma strains of X‐disease group unveil genetic markers that distinguish North American and South American geographic lineages within subgroups 16SrIII‐J and 16SrIII‐U

Pérez‐López, Edel; Wei, Wei; Wang, J.; Davis, Robert E.; Luna-Rodríguez, Mauricio; Zhao, Yan

doi:10.1111/aab.12383

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…However, subgroup 16SrIII-U has mainly been found to be associated with herbaceous plants, including solanaceous crops, and was thought to be restricted to South America. However, Pérez-López et al [ 55 ] recently reported variants of this subgroup from North America and also suggested a broader distribution. Our results further support this hypothesis with new detection in other biogeographic regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Traditional and Next-Generation Approaches for Uncovering Phytoplasma Diversity, with Discovery of New Groups, Subgroups and Potential Vectors

Trivellone

Cao

Dietrich

2022

Biology

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Despite several decades’ effort to detect and identify phytoplasmas (Mollicutes) using PCR and Sanger sequencing focusing on diseased plants, knowledge of phytoplasma biodiversity and vector associations remains highly incomplete. To improve protocols for documenting phytoplasma diversity and ecology, we used DNA extracted from phloem-feeding insects and compared traditional Sanger sequencing with a next-generation sequencing method, Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) for detecting and characterizing phytoplasmas. Among 22 of 180 leafhopper samples that initially tested positive for phytoplasmas using qPCR, AHE yielded phytoplasma 16Sr sequences for 20 (19 complete and 1 partial sequence) while Sanger sequencing yielded sequences for 16 (11 complete and 5 partial). AHE yielded phytoplasma sequences for an additional 7 samples (3 complete and 4 partial) that did not meet the qPCR threshold for phytoplasma positivity or yielded non-phytoplasma sequences using Sanger sequencing. This suggests that AHE is more efficient for obtaining phytoplasma sequences. Twenty-three samples with sufficient data were classified into eight 16Sr subgroups (16SrI-B, I-F, I-AO, III-U, V-C, IX-J, XI-C, XXXVII-A), three new subgroups (designated as 16SrVI-L, XV-D, XI-G) and three possible new groups. Our results suggest that screening phloem-feeding insects using qPCR and AHE sequencing may be the most efficient method for discovering new phytoplasmas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Traditional and Next-Generation Approaches for Uncovering Phytoplasma Diversity, with Discovery of New Groups, Subgroups and Potential Vectors

Trivellone

Cao

Dietrich

2022

Biology

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“…The 16SrIII-J phytoplasma is mainly reported in South America and Mexico [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In Chile, historically, this phytoplasma has been detected in sugar beet [ 19 ]; however, it is now described as infecting a wide range of herbaceous and woody plant species [ 10 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update and New Epidemiological Aspects about Grapevine Yellows in Chile

et al. 2020

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To date, phytoplasmas belonging to six ribosomal subgroups have been detected to infect grapevines in Chile in 36 percent of the sampled plants. A new survey on the presence of grapevine yellows was carried out from 2016 to 2020, and 330 grapevine plants from the most important wine regions of the country were sampled and analyzed by nested PCR/RFLP analyses. Phytoplasmas enclosed in subgroups 16SrIII-J and 16SrVII-A were identified with infection rates of 17% and 2%, respectively. The vineyards in which the phytoplasma-infected plants were detected were further inspected to identify alternative host plants and insects of potential epidemiological relevance. Five previously unreported plant species resulted positive for 16SrIII-J phytoplasma (Rosa spp., Brassica rapa, Erodium spp., Malva spp. and Rubus ulmifolius) and five insect species were fully or partially identified (Amplicephalus ornatus, A. pallidus, A. curtulus, Bergallia sp., Exitianus obscurinervis) as potential vectors of 16SrIII-J phytoplasmas. The 16SrVII-A phytoplasmas were not detected in non-grape plant species nor in insects. This work establishes updated guidelines for the study, management, and prevention of grapevine yellows in Chile, and in other grapevine growing regions of South America.

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“…Mexican strains of the subgroup 16SrIII-U, consistently distinguishable from their South American counterpart based on molecular markers, may represent emerging or previously unknown North American geographic lineages of the 16SrIII-U subgroup (Perez-Lopez et al, 2017) Are detection and identification methods available for the pest?…”

Section: Intraspecific Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are Clover yellow edge (CYE), belonging to the 16SrIII-B subgroup (Girsova et al, 2016), the North American Potato purple top (AKpot7, MT117, AKpot6), belonging to 16SrIII-F, -M, -N (Davis et al, 2013), and the Mexican Potato purple top (PPT-COAHP, PPT-GTOP), belonging to the 16SrIII-U subgroup (Santos-Cervantes et al, 2010). Assignment of the Mexican Potato purple top isolates to 16SrIII-U subgroup is uncertain as available 16S rRNA gene sequences are of insufficient length for definitive classification (Perez-Lopez et al, 2017). The Clover yellow edge phytoplasma is listed as [PHYP19] in EPPO GD (EPPO, 2020)…”

Section: Identity and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytoplasma name, reference strain/related strain name Justification 'Ca. P. pruni'-related strainsMexican strains of the subgroup 16SrIII-U, consistently distinguishable from their South American counterpart based on molecular markers, may represent emerging or previously unknown North American geographic lineages of the 16SrIII-U subgroup(Perez-Lopez et al, 2017) …”

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confidence: 99%

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Pest categorisation of the non‐EU phytoplasmas of tuber‐forming Solanum spp.

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Gonthier³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of four phytoplasmas of tuber‐forming Solanum spp. known to occur only outside the EU or having a limited presence in the EU . The only tuber‐forming species of Solanum reported to be phytoplasma infected is S. tuberosum . This opinion covers ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma americanum’, ‘ Ca . P. aurantifolia’‐related strains ( GD 32; St_ JO _10, 14, 17; PPT ‐ SA ; Rus‐343F; PPT ‐ GTO 29, ‐ GTO 30, ‐ SINTV ; Potato Huayao Survey 2; Potato hair sprouts), ‘ Ca . P. fragariae’‐related strains ( YN ‐169, YN ‐10G) and ‘ Ca . P. pruni’‐related strains (Clover yellow edge; Potato purple top AK pot7, MT 117, AK pot6; PPT ‐ COAHP , ‐ GTOP ). Phytoplasmas can be detected by molecular methods and are efficiently transmitted by vegetative propagation. Phytoplasmas are also transmitted in a persistent and propagative manner by some insects belonging to families within Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha and Sternorrhyncha (order Hemiptera). No transovarial, pollen or seed transmission has been reported. The reported natural host range of the phytoplasmas categorised here varies from restricted (‘ Ca . P. americanum’, and ‘ Ca . P. fragariae’‐related strains) to wide (‘ Ca . P. aurantifolia’‐related strains and ‘ Ca . P. pruni’‐related strains), thus increasing the possible entry pathways in the latter case. S. tuberosum is widely cultivated in the EU . All the categorised phytoplasmas can enter and spread through the trade of host plants for planting, and by vectors. Establishment of these phytoplasmas is not expected to be limited by EU environmental conditions. The introduction of these phytoplasmas in the EU would have an economic impact. There are measures to reduce the risk of entry, establishment, spread and impact. Uncertainties result from limited information on distribution, biology and epidemiology. All the phytoplasmas categorised here meet the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as potential Union quarantine pests, and they do not meet all the criteria to qualify as potential regulated non‐quarantine pests, because they do not occur or are not known to be widespread in the EU . ...

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Novel phytoplasma strains of X‐disease group unveil genetic markers that distinguish North American and South American geographic lineages within subgroups 16SrIII‐J and 16SrIII‐U

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Comparison of Traditional and Next-Generation Approaches for Uncovering Phytoplasma Diversity, with Discovery of New Groups, Subgroups and Potential Vectors

Comparison of Traditional and Next-Generation Approaches for Uncovering Phytoplasma Diversity, with Discovery of New Groups, Subgroups and Potential Vectors

Update and New Epidemiological Aspects about Grapevine Yellows in Chile

Pest categorisation of the non‐EU phytoplasmas of tuber‐forming Solanum spp.

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