Novel Polymerizable Sulfur‐Containing Benzophenones as Free‐Radical Photoinitiators for Photopolymerization

Zivic

Dumur

et al. 2014

102

A benzophenone-naphthalimide derivative (BPND) bearing tertiary amine groups has been developed as a highperformance photoinitiator in combination with 2,4,6-tris(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine or an iodonium salt for both the free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides upon exposure to near UV and visible LEDs (385-470 nm). BPND can even produce radicals without any added hydrogen donor. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by molecular orbital calculations, steady state photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry and laser flash photolysis techniques.These novel BPND based photoinitiating systems exhibit an efficiency higher than that of the well-known camphorquinonebased systems (FRP and CP) or comparable to that of bis(2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide (FRP at k 455 nm).

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A benzophenone‐naphthalimide derivative as versatile photoinitiator of polymerization under near UV and visible lights

Zivic

Dumur

et al. 2014

102

“…The fluorescence emission of MMTBP is the weakest which may be due to the stronger electron‐donating property of the thiophenyl group . Compared with MBP and CMBP, however, the existence of the chlorine atom in CMBP enhances its emission intensity …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photolysis of benzophenone could produce a radical which come from the carbonyl compound and another radicals derived from coinitiators . The photopolymerization of the monomers containing carbon–carbon double bonds is mainly initiated by active amine radicals, arising from the unreactive of ketyl radicals .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Polymerizable Photoinitiators on the UV‐polymerization behaviors of photosensitive polysiloxane

Jiang

Zhao

et al. 2017

In this contribution, three polymerizable benzophenone photoinitiators containing maleimide group including 4‐maleimidebenzophenone (MBP), 4‐chlorine‐4′‐maleimide benzophenone (CMBP), and 4‐maleimide‐4′‐[(4‐maleimide)thiophenyl]benzophenone (MMTBP) were designed and synthesized to enhance the polymerization degree of photosensitive polysiloxane containing methacryloxy active groups (MAPSO). The polymerization behaviors of the MAPSO cured by different photoinitiators were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). It was noted that the MAPSO initiated by MMTBP showed a high carbon–carbon double bond conversion above 80% because of the existence of thiophenyl group which could generate more radicals from the photolysis reaction at the CS bond. In addition, the thermal stability of the UV‐cured MAPSO were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the result showed that the initial 5% mass loss (T5%) and residual weight percent at 800 °C in nitrogen of the UV‐cured MAPSO initiated by MMTBP systems was 200 °C and 33.8%. Thus, this work provides a new perspective and efficient strategy to improve the polymerization degree of UV‐curable polysiloxanes with carbon–carbon double bonds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1696–1705

“…Hence, for the materials involves food service, the residual fragments of PIs migrating from inside to outside of materials, which potentially put people's health at risk, should be eliminated as much as possible. To figure out these problems, a series of macromolecular PIs has been synthesized by scientific researchers in recent years …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characteristics of photopolymerized benzophenone

Tang

Yang

et al. 2016

Photopolymerization is extensively used in today's industrial field due to its advantages of rapid reaction, environmental friendly, energy saving and economical. Benzophenone is a most common photoinitiator (PI) using in photopolymerization because of its superior ability to initiate acrylate monomers. However, the intrinsic nature of initiator molecules is that they migrate out of polymer network, which limits its application, especially in the domain of food packaging materials. A polymerizable PI 4‐methylbenzophenone acrylate (MBPAc) was synthesized by a facile procedure and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS analyses. A systematic study of the photopolymerization kinetics of MBPAc was explored by the Real‐Time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. The results show that the final conversion and photopolymerization rate of acrylate monomers are closely related to the factors of their chemical structure, viscosity, functionality and light intensity, which means MBPAc is an efficient PI. Ultraviolet‐visible Spectrophotometer and vitro cytotoxicity measurement results indicate that the noncytotoxic MBPAc shows significantly lower migration than its analogue. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 313–320