Novel polymerizable surfactants: synthesis and application in the emulsion polymerization of styrene

Mekki, Sofiane; Besbes, Souhail; Elaı̈ssari, Abdelhamid; Valour, Jean‐Pierre; Derdour, Aïcha

doi:10.1038/pj.2010.8

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…When comparing the conversion and particle size for the latexes of the same composition but differing in the type of surfactant, a higher monomer conversion and simultaneously a lower final particle size were achieved in the case of using the polymerizable surfactant. This phenomenon has already been reported in the relevant literature [47][48][49][50]. It has been ascribed to the increased number of micelles, leading to a higher polymerization rate and a higher number of smaller polymer particles generated during the polymerization process using the polymerizable surfactant.…”

Section: Characterization Of Latexessupporting

confidence: 62%

Water-Resistant Latex Coatings: Tuning of Properties by Polymerizable Surfactant, Covalent Crosslinking and Nanostructured ZnO Additive

et al. 2021

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This paper deals with the development of acrylic latexes providing high-performance water-resistant coatings. For this purpose, mutual effects of anionic surfactant type (ordinary and polymerizable), covalent intra- and/or interparticle crosslinking (introduced by allyl methacrylate copolymerization and keto-hydrazide reaction, respectively) and ionic crosslinking (provided by nanostructured ZnO additive) were investigated. The latexes were prepared by the standard emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid as the main monomers. The addition of surface-untreated powdered nanostructured ZnO was performed during latex synthesis, resulting in stable latexes comprising dispersed nanosized additive in the content of ca 0.9-1.0 wt.% (based on solids). The coating performance with emphasis on water resistance was evaluated. It was determined that the application of the polymerizable surfactant improved coating adhesion and water-resistance, but it wasn′t able to ensure high water-resistance of coatings. Highly water-resistant coatings were obtained provided that covalent intra- and interparticle crosslinking together with ionic crosslinking were employed in the coating composition, forming densely crosslinked latex films. Moreover, coatings comprising nanostructured ZnO additive displayed a significant antibacterial activity and improved solvent resistance.

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Section: Characterization Of Latexessupporting

confidence: 62%

Water-Resistant Latex Coatings: Tuning of Properties by Polymerizable Surfactant, Covalent Crosslinking and Nanostructured ZnO Additive

et al. 2021

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“…As aforementioned, a wide range of surfmer molecules has been developed so far and polymeric particles have been developed using surfmers bearing cationic [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] or anionic head groups [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], as well as non-ionic [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The positive charge on cationic surfmers is commonly derived from quaternary ammonium groups [ 31 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] and may include functional moieties, for instance in fluorinated surfmers [ 29 , 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Ester Containing Surfmer for One-Stage Polymer Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization in Mini-Emulsion Polymerization

et al. 2018

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Functional surface active monomers (surfmers) are molecules that combine the functionalities of surface activity, polymerizability, and reactive groups. This study presents an improved pathway for the synthesis of the active ester containing surfmer p-(11-acrylamido)undecanoyloxyphenyl dimethylsulfonium methyl sulfate (AUPDS). Further, the preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) by mini-emulsion polymerization using AUPDS is investigated, leading to NPs with active ester groups on their surface. By systematically varying reaction parameters and reagent concentrations, it was found that AUPDS feed concentrations between 2–4 mol% yielded narrowly distributed and stable spherical particles with average sizes between 83 and 134 nm for non-cross-linked NPs, and up to 163 nm for cross-linked NPs. By basic hydrolysis of the active ester groups in aqueous dispersion, the positive ζ-potential (ZP) was converted into a negative ZP and charge quantities determined by polyelectrolyte titrations before and after hydrolysis were in the same range, indicating that the active ester groups were indeed accessible in aqueous suspension. Increasing cross-linker amounts over 10 mol% also led to a decrease of ZP of NPs, probably due to internalization of the AUPDS during polymerization. In conclusion, by using optimized reaction conditions, it is possible to prepare active ester functionalized NPs in one stage using AUPDS as a surfmer in mini-emulsion polymerization.

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“…The UV ink model has similar composition to commercial UV ink commonly used nowadays. For polymers, oligomers and monomers are styrene and ethylene glycol which are photopolymerizable . In this case, styrene is chosen because it is a prevalent commercial photopolymer used in 3D inkjet printing and it possesses good processability with many properties such as clearness, durability, lightness, hardness, and brittleness .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical characterization of ultraviolet ink fluid agglomeration and the surfactant effect in nanoinkjet printing

Aphinyan

Geethalakshmi

Yeo

et al. 2017

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Ultraviolet (UV) ink is a major ink type used in additive manufacturing via 3D inkjet printing. A major challenge in nanoinkjet printing is ink agglomeration. Among the UV ink components, oligomers have the highest tendency to agglomerate which can agitate the stability and quality of the printing fluid and possibly lead to nanoscale nozzle clogging. In this work, the first numerical study on the UV ink fluid, UV ink is modeled by using dissipative particle dynamics to study mesoscale agglomeration. The constituents of the ink model are composed of polystyrene and polyethylene glycol as photopolymers, BZP as a photoinitiator, and SDS as a surfactant. Styrene is a prevalent and established commercial photopolymer in present 3D inkjet applications, while ethylene glycol is a photopolymer known to improve ink viscosity. The morphological characteristics of the UV ink are studied here, where the results for different models from four cases considered here show how the kind of photopolymers and their constituent ratios affect the agglomeration morphology of the fluidic system. The existence of both oligomers and monomers results in mutual morphological benefits against agglomeration, while the photoinitiator occurs between photopolymers. In addition, we find that the surfactant can reduce the average size of agglomeration and improve the dispersion uniformity by increasing the number of agglomerates. These results highlight the important role additives can play to prevent, reduce, and control various forms of agglomeration to achieve enhanced nanoinkjet printing quality.

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Novel polymerizable surfactants: synthesis and application in the emulsion polymerization of styrene

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Water-Resistant Latex Coatings: Tuning of Properties by Polymerizable Surfactant, Covalent Crosslinking and Nanostructured ZnO Additive

Water-Resistant Latex Coatings: Tuning of Properties by Polymerizable Surfactant, Covalent Crosslinking and Nanostructured ZnO Additive

Active Ester Containing Surfmer for One-Stage Polymer Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization in Mini-Emulsion Polymerization

Numerical characterization of ultraviolet ink fluid agglomeration and the surfactant effect in nanoinkjet printing

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