Novel porcine experimental model of severe progressive thoracic scoliosis with compensatory curves induced by interpedicular bent rigid temporary tethering

Barrios, Carlos; Lloris, J.M.; Alonso, J; Maruenda, Borja; Burgos, Jesús; Llombart-Blanco, Rafael; Gil, Luis; Bisbal, Viviana

doi:10.1002/jor.23617

Cited by 2 publications

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“…In that study we similarly found rotation, but limited to 9 degrees and only minimal coronal deformation of 6 degrees, which cannot be regarded as a suitable model for scoliosis [7]. In the current mini-pig model, including a contralateral tether, the mean coronal curves were 19 degrees, which we consider as relevant although smaller than other studies where more aggressive techniques were used in faster growing animals [14,15,[30][31][32]. However, more important than coronal curve size is that the curves are consistent, the spine remains mobile and includes all 3D characteristics, including axial rotation and anterior lengthening in the disk, of idiopathic scoliosis [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…A surrogate method is to investigate the ability of the individual or combined components to induce and subsequently reduce scoliosis-like deformities in a growing animal model. Rigorous induction methods like rib fusions or unilateral rods that fuse the spine are less optimal from that perspective, as the deformity is often very rigid, uniplanar, unpredictable, and thus behaves more like a congenital scoliosis [9,14,15]. A more relevant induction method is through unilateral flexible posterior tethering [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of a representative idiopathic-like scoliosis in a porcine model using a multidirectional dynamic spring-based system

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Scoliosis is a 3D deformity of the spine in which vertebral rotation plays an important role. However, no treatment strategy currently exists that primarily applies a continuous rotational moment over a long period of time to the spine, while preserving its mobility. We developed a dynamic, torsional device that can be inserted with standard posterior instrumentation. The feasibility of this implant to rotate the spine and preserve motion was tested in growing mini-pigs. PURPOSE: To test the quality and feasibility of the torsional device to induce the typical axial rotation of scoliosis while maintaining growth and mobility of the spine. STUDY DESIGN: Preclinical animal study with 14 male, 7 month old Gottingen mini-pigs. Comparison of two scoliosis induction methods, with and without the torsional device, with respect to 3D deformity and maintenance of the scoliosis after removal of the implants. METHODS: Fourteen mini-pigs received either a unilateral tether-only (n=6) or a tether combined with a contralateral torsional device (n=8). X-rays and CT-scans were made post-operative, at 8 weeks and at 12 weeks. Flexibility of the spine was assessed at 12 weeks. In 3 mini-pigs per condition, the implants were removed and the animals were followed until no further correction was expected. RESULTS: At 12 weeks the tether-only group yielded a coronal Cobb angle of 16.8 §3.3˚For the tether combined with the torsional device this was 22.0 §4.0˚. The most prominent difference at 12 weeks was the axial rotation with 3.6 §2.8˚for the tether-only group compared to 18.1 §4.6˚for the tether-torsion group. Spinal growth and flexibility remained normal and comparable for both groups. After removal of the devices, the induced scoliosis reduced by 41% in both groups. There were no adverse tissue reactions, implant complications or infections. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates the ability of the torsional device combined with a tether to induce a flexible idiopathic-like scoliosis in mini-pigs. The torsional device was necessary to induce the typical axial rotation found in human scoliosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of a representative idiopathic-like scoliosis in a porcine model using a multidirectional dynamic spring-based system

et al. 2021

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What a stranded whale with scoliosis can teach us about human idiopathic scoliosis

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IJsseldijk

Homans

et al. 2021

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Scoliosis is a deformation of the spine that may have several known causes, but humans are the only mammal known to develop scoliosis without any obvious underlying cause. This is called ‘idiopathic’ scoliosis and is the most common type. Recent observations showed that human scoliosis, regardless of its cause, has a relatively uniform three-dimensional anatomy. We hypothesize that scoliosis is a universal compensatory mechanism of the spine, independent of cause and/or species. We had the opportunity to study the rare occurrence of scoliosis in a whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) that stranded in July 2019 in the Netherlands. A multidisciplinary team of biologists, pathologists, veterinarians, taxidermists, radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons conducted necropsy and imaging analysis. Blunt traumatic injury to two vertebrae caused an acute lateral deviation of the spine, which had initiated the development of compensatory curves in regions of the spine without anatomical abnormalities. Three-dimensional analysis of these compensatory curves showed strong resemblance with different types of human scoliosis, amongst which idiopathic. This suggests that any decompensation of spinal equilibrium can lead to a rather uniform response. The unique biomechanics of the upright human spine, with significantly decreased rotational stability, may explain why only in humans this mechanism can be induced relatively easily, without an obvious cause, and is therefore still called ‘idiopathic’.

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Novel porcine experimental model of severe progressive thoracic scoliosis with compensatory curves induced by interpedicular bent rigid temporary tethering

Abstract: The tether release model will be used to evaluate corrective non-fusion technologies in future investigations. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:174-182, 2018.

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Induction of a representative idiopathic-like scoliosis in a porcine model using a multidirectional dynamic spring-based system

Induction of a representative idiopathic-like scoliosis in a porcine model using a multidirectional dynamic spring-based system

What a stranded whale with scoliosis can teach us about human idiopathic scoliosis

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