Novel processive and nonprocessive glycosyltransferases from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> synthesize glycoglycerolipids, glycophospholipids, glycosphingolipids and glycosylsterols

Jorasch, Petra; Warnecke, Dirk; Lindner, Buko; Zähringer, Ulrich; Heinz, Ernst

doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01414.x

Cited by 78 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4 shows that the human GCS expressed in P. pastoris synthesized an additional glycolipid, which was identified as 1,2-diacyl-3-[O-␤-D-glucopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol, also known from our previous study on diacylglycerol glucosyltransferases (31). The formation of this new glycolipid as a consequence of GCS expression may be ascribed to the structural similarity of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol and ceramide as discussed before (31). It results in the use of both acceptors by diacylglycerol and ceramide glycosyltransferases, which normally prefer only one of the two substrates.…”

Section: Expression Of Glucosylceramide Synthases In P Pastoris Resumentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Fatty acid and sugar analysis by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was performed as described previously (31). Peracetylated derivatives of GlcCer and glycosyldiacylglycerols were analyzed by mass spectrometry on an HP 5989A instrument (Hewlett-Packard) using the direct insertion probe mode and heating the sample by a temperature gradient starting from 80°C (3 min) 3 325°C at 30°/min.…”

Section: Combined Gas-liquid Chromatography/mass Spectrometry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Glucosylceramide Synthases, a Gene Family Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Glucosphingolipids in Animals, Plants, and Fungi

Leipelt¹,

Warnecke²,

Zähringer³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Self Cite

157

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glucosylceramides are membrane lipids in most eukaryotic organisms and in a few bacteria. The physiological functions of these glycolipids have only been documented in mammalian cells, whereas very little information is available of their roles in plants, fungi, and bacteria. In an attempt to establish appropriate experimental systems to study glucosylceramide functions in these organisms, we performed a systematic functional analysis of a glycosyltransferase gene family with members of animal, plant, fungal, and bacterial origin. Deletion of such putative glycosyltransferase genes in Candida albicans and Pichia pastoris resulted in the complete loss of glucosylceramides. When the corresponding knock-out strains were used as host cells for homologous or heterologous expression of candidate glycosyltransferase genes, five novel glucosylceramide synthase (UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase) genes were identified from the plant Gossypium arboreum (cotton), the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fungi Magnaporthe grisea, Candida albicans, and P. pastoris. The glycosyltransferase gene expressions led to the biosynthesis of different molecular species of glucosylceramides that contained either C18 or very long chain fatty acids. The latter are usually channeled exclusively into inositol-containing sphingolipids known from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts. Implications for the biosynthesis, transport, and function of sphingolipids will be discussed.

show abstract

Section: Expression Of Glucosylceramide Synthases In P Pastoris Resumentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Combined Gas-liquid Chromatography/mass Spectrometry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucosylceramide Synthases, a Gene Family Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Glucosphingolipids in Animals, Plants, and Fungi

Leipelt¹,

Warnecke²,

Zähringer³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Self Cite

157

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1). For this purpose, glycosyltransferases were selected from bacterial origin that had previously been characterized by heterologous expression in prokaryotic or eukaryotic hosts (Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Synechococcus) and subsequent analysis of newly formed glycolipids (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Additional putative glycosyltransferases were identified in bacteria based on sequence similarity to known genes (Table 1) (26), and by this 20 bacterial genes were selected for expression in plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional differences between galactolipids and glucolipids revealed in photosynthesis of higher plants

Hölzl

Witt

Kelly

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Galactolipids represent the most abundant lipid class in thylakoid membranes, where oxygenic photosynthesis is performed. The identification of galactolipids at specific sites within photosynthetic complexes by x-ray crystallography implies specific roles for galactolipids during photosynthetic electron transport. The preference for galactose and not for the more abundant sugar glucose in thylakoid lipids and their specific roles in photosynthesis are not understood. Introduction of a bacterial glucosyltransferase from Chloroflexus aurantiacus into the galactolipid-deficient dgd1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in the accumulation of a glucose-containing lipid in the thylakoids. At the same time, the growth defect of the dgd1 mutant was complemented. However, the degree of trimerization of light-harvesting complex II and the photosynthetic quantum yield of transformed dgd1 plants were only partially restored. These results indicate that specific interactions of the galactolipid head group with photosynthetic protein complexes might explain the preference for galactose in thylakoid lipids of higher plants. Therefore, galactose in thylakoid lipids can be exchanged with glucose without severe effects on growth, but the presence of galactose is crucial to maintain maximal photosynthetic efficiency.chloroplast ͉ galactose ͉ glucose ͉ lipid ͉ glucosylgalactosyldiacylglycerol D irectly or indirectly, almost all life on earth depends on the photosynthetic conversion of water, CO 2 , and sunlight into chemical energy and oxygen. In cyanobacteria, green algae, and plants, the primary reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis are executed in thylakoid membranes. They harbor a set of multimeric protein complexes embedded into a lipid matrix of unique composition. The structure of the protein complexes and the lipid composition of thylakoid membranes are highly conserved in all organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis. Thylakoid lipids comprise the two galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (␤GalDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (␣Gal␤GalDG), a sulfolipid, and phosphatidylglycerol as the only phospholipid (1-3). Based on their high proportion in thylakoid membranes and the abundance of plants and algae, galactolipids represent the most abundant lipid class in the biosphere (4, 5). Galactolipids are crucial to establish the proton-and ion-impermeable matrix of chloroplast membranes. An appropriate ratio of ␤GalDG to ␣Gal␤GalDG is required to maintain the intricate bilayer characteristics required for insertion, folding, movement, and conformational changes of membrane proteins (6). Crystalline chlorophyll-protein complexes contain galactolipid molecules firmly bound to specific sites, some of them in close proximity to the electron transfer chain. This association implies important roles of galactolipids in photosynthetic exciton and electron transfer within and between the different complexes (7-9). Mutants and transgenic plants of Arabidopsis thaliana are the basis for our current understanding of the role of th...

show abstract

“…The best studied glycosyltransferases include the MGD/MGlcD and DGD synthases from plants and cyanobacteria (15)(16)(17)(18), the MGlcD and DGlcD synthases from Acholeplasma (7,19), and the processive glycosyltransferases from the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus or Bacillus (20,21). There are only a few glycosyltransferases characterized as promiscuous enzymes, such as Pgt from Agrobacterium or Mesorhizobium, or the processive glycosyltransferases from the human pathogens Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalum using UDP-Glc and UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal) as sugar donors (11,22,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bifunctional Glycosyltransferase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens Synthesizes Monoglucosyl and Glucuronosyl Diacylglycerol under Phosphate Deprivation

Semeniuk

Sohlenkamp

Duda

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Despite the high diversity of glycolipids found in many organisms, only a few glycosyltransferases have been isolated. Results: A bifunctional glycosyltransferase, synthesizing glucuronosyl or monoglucosyl diacylglycerol, was isolated from Agrobacterium. Conclusion: Glycolipids and other nonphospholipids can mutually replace each other, enhancing the ability to adapt to changing environments. Significance: This is the first report on the isolation of a glucuronosyl diacylglycerol synthase.

show abstract

Novel processive and nonprocessive glycosyltransferases from Staphylococcus aureus and Arabidopsis thaliana synthesize glycoglycerolipids, glycophospholipids, glycosphingolipids and glycosylsterols

Cited by 78 publications

References 53 publications

Glucosylceramide Synthases, a Gene Family Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Glucosphingolipids in Animals, Plants, and Fungi

Glucosylceramide Synthases, a Gene Family Responsible for the Biosynthesis of Glucosphingolipids in Animals, Plants, and Fungi

Functional differences between galactolipids and glucolipids revealed in photosynthesis of higher plants

A Bifunctional Glycosyltransferase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens Synthesizes Monoglucosyl and Glucuronosyl Diacylglycerol under Phosphate Deprivation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About