“…The lattice d-spacing of WO 3 NPs was 0.376, 0.296, and 0.305 nm for pure WO 3 NPs, Bi 2 O 3 -WO 3 NPs, and Bi 2 O 3 -WO 3 /rGO NCs, respectively, in good agreement with (020), (022), and (112) planes from XRD data. Additionally, the distance between two lattice places of Bi 2 O 3 NPs was 0.325 and 0.271 nm to the corresponding (201) and (220) planes, which is in agreement with earlier studies 36,37. SAED patterns confirmed that the pure WO 3 NPs (Figure2J) exhibit well-defined diffraction rings corresponding to the (020), (200), (120), (222), (400), and (022) planes of monoclinic WO 3 .…”