Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N2) Virus in Broiler Chickens, Egypt

Hassan, Kareem E.; King, Jacqueline; El‐Kady, Magdy F.; Afifi, Manal A.; Abozeid, Hassanein H.; Pohlmann, Anne; Beer, Martin; Harder, Timm

doi:10.3201/eid2601.190570

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Information extracted from the scientific literature Hassan et al (2020) obtained the full genome of a reassortant clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI A(H5N2) virus identified in Egypt in January 2019, from infected broiler chickens (47% reported mortality rate). The H5 segment was most closely related to viruses identified in 2017 in Egypt.…”

Section: Human Infections Due To A(h5n1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview November 2019– February2020

Adlhoch¹,

Fusaro²,

Kuiken³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Between 16 November 2019 and 15 February 2020, 36 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) virus outbreakswere reported in Europe in poultry (n=34), captive birds (n=1) and wild birds (n=2), in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Germany, Czechiaand Ukraine,one HPAI outbreakcaused by a simultaneous infection with A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) was reported in poultry in Bulgaria, andtwo low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H5) virus outbreaks were reported in poultryin the United Kingdom and in Denmark. Genomic characterisation of the HPAI A(H5N8) viruses suggests that they are reassortants of HPAI A(H5N8) viruses from Africa and LPAI viruses from Eurasia. It is likely that this reassortment occurred in wild migratory birds in Asia during the summer and then spread to eastern Europe with the autumnmigration. This is the first time that wild bird migration from Africa to Eurasia has been implicated in the long‐distance spread of HPAI viruses to the EU. Given the late incursion of HPAI A(H5N8) virus into the EU in this winter season (first outbreak reported on 30 December 2019), its overall restriction to eastern Europe, and the approaching spring migration, the risk of the virus spreadingfurther in the west via wild birds is decreasing for the coming months. Genetic analysis of the HPAI A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) viruses detected in the Bulgarian outbreak reveals that these virusesare both related to the 2018‐19 Bulgarian HPAI A(H5N8) viruses and not to the HPAI A(H5N8) viruses currently circulating in Europe.An increasing number of HPAI A(H5N1), A(H5N2), A(H5N5) and A(H5N6) virus outbreaks in poultry in Asia were reported during the time period for this report compared with the previous reporting period. Single outbreaks of HPAI A(H5N8) virus were notified by Saudi Arabia and South Africa. Furthermore, in contrast to the last report, HPAI virus‐positive wild birds were reported from Israel and one of the key migration areas in northern China.Two human cases due to A(H9N2) virus infection were reported during the reporting period.

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Section: Human Infections Due To A(h5n1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview November 2019– February2020

Adlhoch¹,

Fusaro²,

Kuiken³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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show abstract

“…Recently, the isolation of reassortant H5N2 viruses from poultry in Egypt, where both H5N8- and H9N2-AIV are endemic, has been described in farmed broilers and ducks after obtaining the H9N2 NA or H5N8 HA segments ( Hagag et al. 2019 ; Hassan et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic incompatibilities and reduced transmission in chickens may limit the evolution of reassortants between H9N2 and panzootic H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza virus showing high virulence for mammals

Mostafa

Blaurock²,

Scheibner³

et al. 2020

Virus Evolution

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The unprecedented spread of H5N8- and H9N2-subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) in birds across Asia, Europe, Africa and North America poses a serious public health threat with a permanent risk of reassortment and the possible emergence of novel virus variants with high virulence in mammals. To gain information on this risk we studied the potential for reassortment between two contemporary H9N2 and H5N8 viruses. While the replacement of the PB2, PA and NS genes of highly pathogenic H5N8 by homologous segments from H9N2 produced infectious H5N8 progeny, PB1 and NP of H9N2 were not able to replace the respective segments from H5N8 due to residues outside the packaging region. Furthermore, exchange of the PB2, PA and NS segments of H5N8 by those of H9N2 increased replication, polymerase activity and interferon antagonism of the H5N8 reassortants in human cells. Notably, H5N8 reassortants carrying the H9N2-subtype PB2 segment and to lesser extent the PA or NS segments showed remarkably increased virulence in mice as indicated by rapid onset of mortality, reduced mean time to death and increased body weight loss. Simultaneously, we observed that in chickens the H5N8 reassortants, particularly with the H9N2 NS segment, demonstrated significantly reduced transmission to co-housed chickens. Together, while the limited capacity for reassortment between co-circulating H9N2 and H5N8 viruses and the reduced bird-to-bird transmission of possible H5N8 reassortants in chickens may limit the evolution of such reassortant viruses, they show a higher replication potential in human cells and increased virulence in mammals.

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“…comm.) in the country may represent a diagnostic challenge, considering that new reassortant viruses could emerge, as recently reported in Egypt [13,14], and spread. Urgent actions to strengthen surveillance efforts, combined with eradication measures, adequate compensations and education of farmers are needed to contain and monitor virus spread and the emergence of novel viruses of animal and public health concern.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

First detection of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza virus on the African continent

Shittu

Bianco

Gado

et al. 2020

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Since 2013, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N6 (clade 2.3.4.4) has been reported in wild birds and poultry in Asia as well as in other parts of the globe. In Africa, information on the presence of this virus subtype is lacking. This study reports the first detection of a HPAI (H5N6) virus (clade 2.3.4.4b) in a duck from a live bird market in Nigeria, whose genome is closely related to the European 2017-2018 H5N6 viruses, indricating a recent virus introduction into the African continent.

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Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N2) Virus in Broiler Chickens, Egypt

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Avian influenza overview November 2019– February2020

Avian influenza overview November 2019– February2020

Genetic incompatibilities and reduced transmission in chickens may limit the evolution of reassortants between H9N2 and panzootic H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza virus showing high virulence for mammals

First detection of highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza virus on the African continent

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