Novel reconciliation protocol based on spinal code for continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Wen, Xuan; Li, Qiong; Mao, Haokun; Luo, Yi; Yan, Bingze

doi:10.1007/s11128-020-02853-9

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Error correcting codes (ECC) [10] are a major mathematical tool used in the IR step [5,6,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16] to overcome the transmission noise in the raw key generation step and ensure that Alice and Bob arrive at an identical sequence of symbols. Any information leaked to Eve during the IR step must be subtracted from the final secret key during privacy amplification [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the above techniques of IR in ET-QKD systems, various other ECC techniques have been used for IR, however, in the continuous-variable (CV) QKD setting [23]. For example, spatially-coupled (SC) LDPC codes [11], irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) and SC-IRA codes [12], polar codes [13,14], and spinal codes [15] have been used for CV-QKD. However, these techniques involve a different method of IR compared to that used in ET-QKD and hence are not applicable for IR considered in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Efficient Information Reconciliation in Quantum Key Distribution Systems Using Informed Design of Non-Binary LDPC Codes

Mitra,

Shreekumar,

Tauz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), two users extract a shared secret key using a quantum communication channel in the presence of an eavesdropper. Among QKD protocols, the ones based on Energy-Time (ET) entanglement of photons have been studied extensively due to their ability to generate high key rates from the arrival times of entangled photons. For the information reconciliation (IR) stage of ET-QKD protocols (where the users communicate using a classical channel in order to reconcile differences in their data), a scheme called multi-level coding (MLC) was proposed by Zhou et al. in prior work. The MLC scheme splits the raw key symbols into bit layers and utilizes binary Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes to encode each layer. Although binary LDPC codes are able to offer low complexity decoding for IR, they have poor error-correcting performance compared to their non-binary counterparts, thus leading to low key rates. Additionally, existing LDPC codes do not fully utilize the properties of the QKD channel to optimize the key rates. In this paper, we mitigate the above issues by proposing a flexible protocol for IR in ET-QKD systems called Non-Binary Multi-Level Coding NB-MLC(a) which is parameterized by a positive integer a. The NB-MLC(a) protocol is a generalization of the MLC scheme and utilizes NB-LDPC codes from a Galois field of size 2^a. We show that by using a small value of a, the NB-MLC(a) protocol significantly improves the key rate without much increase in complexity. To further improve the key rates of the NB-MLC(a) protocol, we propose i) a joint rate and degree distribution optimization (JRDO) algorithm to design the NB-LDPC codes for the protocol; ii) an interleaved decoding and communication (IDC) scheme to decode the different layers of the NB-MLC(a) protocol. The JRDO algorithm is designed to use the QKD channel information and we show that it results in a higher key rate than codes used in prior work. Additionally, the IDC scheme improves the key rate compared to the decoding and communication methods utilized previously in literature. Overall, the NB-MLC(a) protocol that uses JRDO LDPC codes and the IDC scheme results in a significant 40 − 60% improvement in key rates compared to prior work for ET-QKD systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Information Reconciliation in Quantum Key Distribution Systems Using Informed Design of Non-Binary LDPC Codes

Mitra,

Shreekumar,

Tauz

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Owing to the physical noises or the existence of Eve [17] in a quantum channel, the raw data of the legitimate parties obtained from the first phase are weakly correlated and weakly secure continuous variables. To extract identical secret keys from their raw data, Alice and Bob subsequently perform a phase called post-processing including four main stages: sifting, parameter estimation [18]- [20], reconciliation [21]- [25], and privacy amplification [26]- [28]. Reconciliation is a crucial stage for CV-QKD, which allows the legitimate parties to distill the corrected keys from their raw data via an authentic classical channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotation Based Slice Error Correction Protocol for Continuous-variable Quantum Key Distribution and its Implementation with Polar Codes

Wen,

Li,

Mao

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Reconciliation is an essential procedure for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). As the most commonly used reconciliation protocol in short-distance CV-QKD, the slice error correction (SEC) allows a system to distill more than 1 bit from each pulse. However, its quantization efficiency is greatly affected by the noisy channel with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which usually limits the secure distance to about 30 km. In this paper, an improved SEC protocol, named Rotation-based SEC (RSEC), is proposed through performing a random orthogonal rotation on the raw data before quantization, and deducing a new estimator for quantized sequences. Moreover, the RSEC protocol is implemented with polar codes. Experimental results show that the proposed protocol can reach up to a quantization efficiency of about 99%, and maintains at around 96% even at the relatively low SNRs (0.5, 1), which theoretically extends the secure distance to about 45 km. When implemented with the polar codes with block length of 16 Mb, the RSEC can achieve a reconciliation efficiency of above 95%, which outperforms all previous SEC schemes. In terms of finite-size effects, we achieve a secret key rate of 7.83 × 10 −3 bits/pulse at a distance of 33.93 km (the corresponding SNR value is 1). These results indicate that the proposed protocol significantly improves the performance of SEC and is a competitive reconciliation scheme for the CV-QKD system.

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Improved information reconciliation with systematic polar codes for continuous variable quantum key distribution

Zhang

Dou

Huang

et al. 2021

Quantum Inf Process

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Novel reconciliation protocol based on spinal code for continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Efficient Information Reconciliation in Quantum Key Distribution Systems Using Informed Design of Non-Binary LDPC Codes

Efficient Information Reconciliation in Quantum Key Distribution Systems Using Informed Design of Non-Binary LDPC Codes

Rotation Based Slice Error Correction Protocol for Continuous-variable Quantum Key Distribution and its Implementation with Polar Codes

Improved information reconciliation with systematic polar codes for continuous variable quantum key distribution

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